Skin cancer is becoming more and more common as concerns about global warming an

Question

Skin cancer is becoming more and more common as concerns about global warming and the deterioration of the ozone layer increase. As an epidemiologist, you have been tasked with trying to understand more about the risk factors which influence the likelihood of getting skin cancer in your local Broncoville residents. You conduct a case-control study with 160 cases and 400 controls. Among the 160 cases of skin cancer, 54 reported consistent use of sunscreen. Among the 400 controls, 303 reported consistently using sunscreen. Develop a 2 x 2 table. Calculate the odds ratio for cases without consistent use of sunscreen. What does this mean? A. OR = 0.16 Cases were 0.16 times less likely to wear sunscreen than controls. Consistent use of sunscreen may decrease the risk of skin cancer. B. OR = 0.16 Cases were 84% more likely to not consistently use sunscreen than controls. Lack of sunscreen may decrease the risk for skin cancer. C. OR = 6.13 Cases were 6.13 times less likely to not consistently use sunscreen than controls. Lack of sunscreen may increase the risk for skin cancer. D. OR = 6.13 Cases were 6.13 times more likely to wear sunscreen than controls. Consistent use of sunscreen may decrease the risk of skin cancer. E. OR = 6.13 Cases were 6.13 times more likely to not consistently use sunscreen than controls. Lack of sunscreen may increase the risk for skin cancer. F. OR = 6.13 Cases were 6.13 times less likely to not consistently use sunscreen than controls. Lack of sunscreen may decrease the risk for skin cancer.

Explanation / Answer

Solution :

Odds for cases with consistent use of sunscreen =54/303 =0.1782

Odds for cases without consistent use of sunscreen =106/203 = 1.0927

Thus odds ratio for cases without consistent use of sunscreen =1.0927/0.1782 =6.1317

Thus option D is correct D. OR = 6.13 Cases were 6.13 times more likely to wear sunscreen than controls. Consistent use of sunscreen may decrease the risk of skin cancer

Solution :

Exposed to
Skin Cancer Not Exposed to
Skin Cancer Sunscreen 54 303 357 Control 106 97 203 160 400

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