region group fertility ppgdp lifeExpF pctUrban Afghanistan Asia other 5.968 499
ID: 3331847 • Letter: R
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region group fertility ppgdp lifeExpF pctUrban Afghanistan Asia other 5.968 499 49.49 23 Albania Europe other 1.525 3677.2 80.4 53 Algeria Africa africa 2.142 4473 75 67 Angola Africa africa 5.135 4321.9 53.17 59 Anguilla Caribbean other 2 13750.1 81.1 100 Argentina Latin Amer other 2.172 9162.1 79.89 93 Armenia Asia other 1.735 3030.7 77.33 64 Aruba Caribbean other 1.671 22851.5 77.75 47 Australia Oceania oecd 1.949 57118.9 84.27 89 Austria Europe oecd 1.346 45158.8 83.55 68 Azerbaijan Asia other 2.148 5637.6 73.66 52 Bahamas Caribbean other 1.877 22461.6 78.85 84 Bahrain Asia other 2.43 18184.1 76.06 89 Bangladesh Asia other 2.157 670.4 70.23 29 Barbados Caribbean other 1.575 14497.3 80.26 45 Belarus Europe other 1.479 5702 76.37 75 Belgium Europe oecd 1.835 43814.8 82.81 97 Belize Latin Amer other 2.679 4495.8 77.81 53 Benin Africa africa 5.078 741.1 58.66 42 Bermuda Caribbean other 1.76 92624.7 82.3 100 Bhutan Asia other 2.258 2047.2 69.84 35 Bolivia Latin Amer other 3.229 1977.9 69.4 67 Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe other 1.134 4477.7 78.4 49 Botswana Africa africa 2.617 7402.9 51.34 62 Brazil Latin Amer other 1.8 10715.6 77.41 87 Brunei Darussalam Asia other 1.984 32647.6 80.64 76 Bulgaria Europe other 1.546 6365.1 77.12 72 Burkina Faso Africa africa 5.75 519.7 57.02 27 Burundi Africa africa 4.051 176.6 52.58 11 Cambodia Asia other 2.422 797.2 65.1 20 Cameroon Africa africa 4.287 1206.6 53.56 59 Canada North America oecd 1.691 46360.9 83.49 81 Cape Verde Africa africa 2.279 3244 77.7 62 Cayman Islands Caribbean other 1.6 57047.9 83.8 100 Central African Republic Africa africa 4.423 450.8 51.3 39 Chad Africa africa 5.737 727.4 51.61 28 Chile Latin Amer oecd 1.832 11887.7 82.35 89 China Asia other 1.559 4354 75.61 48 Colombia Latin Amer other 2.293 6222.8 77.69 75 Comoros Africa africa 4.742 736.6 63.18 28 Congo Africa africa 4.442 2665.1 59.33 63 Cook Islands Oceania other 2.530806 12212.1 76.24547 76 Costa Rica Latin Amer other 1.812 7703.8 81.99 65 Cote dIvoire Africa africa 4.224 1154.1 57.71 51 Croatia Europe other 1.501 13819.5 80.37 58 Cuba Caribbean other 1.451 5704.4 81.33 75 Cyprus Asia other 1.458 28364.3 82.14 71 Czech Republic Europe oecd 1.501 18838.8 81 74 Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa africa 5.485 200.6 50.56 36 Denmark Europe oecd 1.885 55830.2 81.37 87 Djibouti Africa africa 3.589 1282.6 60.04 76 Dominica Caribbean other 3 7020.8 78.2 67 Dominican Republic Caribbean other 2.49 5195.4 76.57 70 East Timor Asia other 5.918 706.1 64.2 29 Ecuador Latin Amer other 2.393 4072.6 78.91 68 Egypt Africa africa 2.636 2653.7 75.52 44 El Salvador Latin Amer other 2.171 3425.6 77.09 65 Equatorial Guinea Africa africa 4.98 16852.4 52.91 40 Eritrea Africa africa 4.243 429.1 64.41 22 Estonia Europe oecd 1.702 14135.4 79.95 70 Ethiopia Africa africa 3.848 324.6 61.59 17 Fiji Oceania other 2.602 3545.7 72.27 52 Finland Europe oecd 1.875 44501.7 83.28 85 France Europe oecd 1.987 39545.9 84.9 86 French Polynesia Oceania other 2.033 24669 78.07 51 Gabon Africa africa 3.195 12468.8 64.32 86 Gambia Africa africa 4.689 579.1 60.3 59 Georgia Asia other 1.528 2680.3 77.31 53 Germany Europe oecd 1.457 39857.1 82.99 74 Ghana Africa africa 3.988 1333.2 65.8 52 Greece Europe oecd 1.54 26503.8 82.58 62 Greenland NorthAtlantic other 2.217 35292.7 71.6 84 Grenada Caribbean other 2.171 7429 77.72 40 Guatemala Latin Amer other 3.84 2882.3 75.1 50 Guinea Africa africa 5.032 427.5 56.39 36 Guinea-Bissau Africa africa 4.877 539.4 50.4 30 Guyana Latin Amer other 2.19 2996 73.45 29 Haiti Caribbean other 3.159 612.7 63.87 54 Honduras Latin Amer other 2.996 2026.2 75.92 52 Hong Kong Asia other 1.137 31823.7 86.35 100 Hungary Europe oecd 1.43 12884 78.47 68 Iceland Europe other 2.098 39278 83.77 94 India Asia other 2.538 1406.4 67.62 30 Indonesia Asia other 2.055 2949.3 71.8 45 Iran Asia other 1.587 5227.1 75.28 71 Iraq Asia other 4.535 888.5 72.6 66 Ireland Europe oecd 2.097 46220.3 83.17 62 Israel Asia oecd 2.909 29311.6 84.19 92 Italy Europe oecd 1.476 33877.1 84.62 69 Jamaica Caribbean other 2.262 4899 75.98 52 Japan Asia oecd 1.418 43140.9 87.12 67 Jordan Asia other 2.889 4445.3 75.17 79 Kazakhstan Asia other 2.481 9166.7 72.84 59 Kenya Africa africa 4.623 801.8 59.16 23 Kiribati Oceania other 3.5 1468.2 63.1 44 Kuwait Asia other 2.251 45430.4 75.89 98 Kyrgyzstan Asia other 2.621 865.4 72.36 35 Laos Asia other 2.543 1047.6 69.42 34 Latvia Europe other 1.506 10663 78.51 68 Lebanon Asia other 1.764 9283.7 75.07 87 Lesotho Africa africa 3.051 980.7 48.11 28 Liberia Africa africa 5.038 218.6 58.59 48 Libya Africa africa 2.41 11320.8 77.86 78 Lithuania Europe other 1.495 10975.5 78.28 67 Luxembourg Europe oecd 1.683 105095.4 82.67 85 Macao Asia other 1.163 49990.2 83.8 100 Madagascar Africa africa 4.493 421.9 68.61 31 Malawi Africa africa 5.968 357.4 55.17 20 Malaysia Asia other 2.572 8372.8 76.86 73 Maldives Asia other 1.668 4684.5 78.7 41 Mali Africa africa 6.117 598.8 53.14 37 Malta Europe other 1.284 19599.2 82.29 95 Marshall Islands Oceania other 4.384466 3069.4 70.6 72 Mauritania Africa africa 4.361 1131.1 60.95 42 Mauritius Africa africa 1.59 7488.3 76.89 42 Mexico Latin Amer oecd 2.227 9100.7 79.64 78 Micronesia Oceania other 3.307 2678.2 70.17 23 Moldova Europe other 1.45 1625.8 73.48 48 Mongolia Asia other 2.446 2246.7 72.83 63 Montenegro Europe other 1.63 6509.8 77.37 61 Morocco Africa africa 2.183 2865 74.86 59 Mozambique Africa africa 4.713 407.5 51.81 39 Myanmar Asia other 1.939 876.2 67.87 34 Namibia Africa africa 3.055 5124.7 63.04 39 Nauru Oceania other 3.3 6190.1 57.1 100 Nepal Asia other 2.587 534.7 70.05 19 Neth Antilles Caribbean other 1.9 20321.1 79.86 93 Netherlands Europe oecd 1.794 46909.7 82.79 83 New Caledonia Oceania other 2.091 35319.5 80.49 57 New Zealand Oceania oecd 2.135 32372.1 82.77 86 Nicaragua Latin Amer other 2.5 1131.9 77.45 58 Niger Africa africa 6.925 357.7 55.77 17 Nigeria Africa africa 5.431 1239.8 53.38 51 North Korea Asia other 1.988 504 72.12 60 Norway Europe oecd 1.948 84588.7 83.47 80 Oman Asia other 2.146 20791 76.44 73 Pakistan Asia other 3.201 1003.2 66.88 36 Palau Oceania other 2 10821.8 72.1 84 Palestinian Territory Asia other 4.27 1819.5 74.81 74 Panama Latin Amer other 2.409 7614 79.07 75 Papua New Guinea Oceania other 3.799 1428.4 65.52 13 Paraguay Latin Amer other 2.858 2771.1 74.91 62 Peru Latin Amer other 2.41 5410.7 76.9 77 Philippines Asia other 3.05 2140.1 72.57 49 Poland Europe oecd 1.415 12263.2 80.56 61 Portugal Europe oecd 1.312 21437.6 82.76 61 Puerto Rico Caribbean other 1.757 26461 83.2 99 Qatar Asia other 2.204 72397.9 78.24 96 Republic of Korea Asia other 1.389 21052.2 83.95 83 Romania Europe other 1.428 7522.4 77.95 58 Russian Federation Europe other 1.529 10351.4 75.01 73 Rwanda Africa africa 5.282 532.3 57.13 19 Saint Lucia Caribbean other 1.907 6677.1 77.54 28 Samoa Oceania other 3.763 3343.3 76.02 20 Sao Tome and Principe Africa africa 3.488 1283.3 66.48 63 Saudi Arabia Asia other 2.639 15835.9 75.57 82 Senegal Africa africa 4.605 1032.7 60.92 43 Serbia Europe other 1.562 5123.2 77.05 56 Seychelles Africa africa 2.34 11450.6 78 56 Sierra Leone Africa africa 4.728 351.7 48.87 39 Singapore Asia other 1.367 43783.1 83.71 100 Slovakia Europe oecd 1.372 15976 79.53 55 Slovenia Europe oecd 1.477 23109.8 82.84 49 Solomon Islands Oceania other 4.041 1193.5 70 19 Somalia Africa africa 6.283 114.8 53.38 38 South Africa Africa africa 2.383 7254.8 54.09 62 Spain Europe other 1.504 30542.8 84.76 78 Sri Lanka Asia other 2.235 2375.3 78.4 14 St Vincent and Grenadines Caribbean other 1.995 6171.7 74.73 50 Sudan Africa africa 4.225 1824.9 63.82 41 Suriname Latin Amer other 2.266 7018 74.18 70 Swaziland Africa africa 3.174 3311.2 48.54 21 Sweden Europe oecd 1.925 48906.2 83.65 85 Switzerland Europe oecd 1.536 68880.2 84.71 74 Syria Asia other 2.772 2931.5 77.72 56 Tajikistan Asia other 3.162 816 71.23 26 Tanzania Africa africa 5.499 516 60.31 27 TFYR Macedonia Europe other 1.397 4434.5 77.14 59 Thailand Asia other 1.528 4612.8 77.76 34 Togo Africa africa 3.864 524.6 59.4 44 Tonga Oceania other 3.783 3543.1 75.38 24 Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean other 1.632 15205.1 73.82 14 Tunisia Africa africa 1.909 4222.1 77.05 68 Turkey Asia oecd 2.022 10095.1 76.61 70 Turkmenistan Asia other 2.316 4587.5 69.4 50 Tuvalu Oceania other 3.7 3187.2 65.1 51 Uganda Africa africa 5.901 509 55.44 13 Ukraine Europe other 1.483 3035 74.58 69 United Arab Emirates Asia other 1.707 39624.7 78.02 84 United Kingdom Europe oecd 1.867 36326.8 82.42 80 United States North America oecd 2.077 46545.9 81.31 83 Uruguay Latin Amer other 2.043 11952.4 80.66 93 Uzbekistan Asia other 2.264 1427.3 71.9 36 Vanuatu Oceania other 3.75 2963.5 73.58 26 Venezuela Latin Amer other 2.391 13502.7 77.73 94 Viet Nam Asia other 1.75 1182.7 77.44 31 Yemen Asia other 4.938 1437.2 67.66 32 Zambia Africa africa 6.3 1237.8 50.04 36 Zimbabwe Africa africa 3.109 573.1 52.72 39 4.7 (Data file: UN11) Verify that in the regression log(fertility) log(ppgdp) + lifeExpF a 25% increase in ppgdp is associated with a 1.4% decrease in expected fertility.Explanation / Answer
1) Let our regression equation be like
E(log(Y))= a + b1 log(X1) + b2 log(X2)
Y is fertility, X1 is ppgdp and X2 is lifeExpF. E denotes expectation. a is the Y-intercept, b1 regression coefficient for log(X1) and b2 is the regression coefficient for log(X2). We have to solve for a, b1, b2.
Now, after fitting the above data we get the regression equaion as
E(log(Y))= 3.50736 - 0.06544 * log(X1) - 0.02824 * log(X2)
i,e, a=3.50736; b1=- 0.06544; b2=-0.02824.
Now, b1 is the regression coefficient related to log(ppgdp) which represents mean change in the response variable (i.e. Expected fertility) for one unit change in the predictor variable log(ppgdp) while holding the other predictor lifeExpF constant.
Hence a 25% increase in ppgdp (i.e. .25 unit increment) accounts a mean change in response variable as = - 0.06544*log(1.25)= -0.014 units.
The negative sign represents the direction of change, that is decrease in expected fertility. Hence 25% increment in ppgdp is associated with 0.014 units decrease in expected fertility, i.e. 1.4% decrease in expected fertility.
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