46. In the United States, there has historically been a strong relationship betw

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46. In the United States, there has historically been a strong relationship between smoking and education, with well-educated people less likely to smoke. To examine whetherthis pattern has changed, a sample of 459 men was selected at random from those who had visited a health centerfora routine check-up overthe course of the past year. Education is classified into three categories corresponding to the highest level of education achieved, and smoking status is classified into four categories Smoking Status Education High School 56 College Graduate Total Total 187 139 133 459 Nonsmoker Former Moderate Heav 37 53 146 54. 43 28 125 41 27 36 104 36 32 16 84 Which hypotheses are being tested by the chi-square test? A) The null hypothesis is that the two categorical variables are dependent. The alternative is that they are independent. The null hypothesis is that there is a relationship between education level and smoking status. The alternative is that there is no relationship The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between education level and smoking status. The alternative is that nonsmokers have higher education levels than smokers The null hypothesis is that there is no relationship between education level and smoking status. The alternative is that there is a relationship B) C) D)

Explanation / Answer

46)

The hypothesis are being tested by the chi-square test is

Null hypothesis: there is no relationship between education level and smoking status

Alternative hypothesis: There is a relationship between education level and smoking status.

Correct option (D).

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