Older studies have shown that patients often do not understand the terms used by

Question

Older studies have shown that patients often do not understand the terms used by doctors and many do not even have a rudimentary understanding of anatomy. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of anatomical knowledge of six different clinical patient groups (n=100, in each) and the general public (n=133). The underlying assumption was that societal changes (i.e. computers, TV, health media) have contributed to an improvement in a patients knowledge of anatomy. Of particular interest to the investigators was whether patients with specific organ pathology have a relatively better understanding of the location of that organ. The sample sizes for this study were determined to allow the investigators to detect a medium effect size difference between study groups at 80% power and a significance threshold of 0.05, based on previous findings.

Patients were grouped together according to the organ-related disorders the patient suffered from. For example, patients with gastrointestinal disorders were grouped together to determine whether they could correctly identify the location of the affected gastrointestinal organs.

A comparison of the knowledge of anatomy of the groups was measured as a percentage of accuracy.

Key study objectives/questions and the results of the statistical analyses:

1. Do some clinical patient groups have a greater knowledge of location of body organs?  

2 = 0.04, df = 1, p=0.24

2. Is there a relationship between age and anatomical knowledge?

r = -0.084, p = 0.025

3. Is the education level of the study participants a determining factor in anatomical knowledge?

F = 12.94, p = 0.0005

What was the magnitude, direction, and significance test outcome of the correlation reported between age and anatomical knowledge?

Select one:

a. Moderate, positive relationship, and statistically significant. This means that, in this sample of patients, the older the patient, it was quite likely they were to accurately identify the anatomical organs related to their disorder.

b. Weak, inverse relationship, and statistically significant. This means that, in this population sample, as patients became older, there was a weak trend towards being able to accurately identify the anatomical organs related to their disorder.

c. Weak, inverse relationship, and statistically significant. This means that the outcome was clinically significant and proved that older patients can accurately identify the location of body organs that are related to the disorder they suffer from.

d. Weak, generally negative relationship, and barely statistically significant. This means that age was not really related to anatomical knowledge.

e. There is not enough information in these results to answer the research
objective/question.

Explanation / Answer

1) Here 2 = 0.04, df = 1, p=0.24;

Since p> 0.05, Hence there is no significant association clinical patient groups and knowledge of location of body organs

2) Here r = -0.084, p = 0.025

Since p<0.05, Hence there was a significant inverse relationship between age and anatomical knowledge

3) YES. Here F = 12.94, p = 0.0005

Since p<0.05, Hence education level of the study participants is a determining factor in anatomical knowledge

4) (d)

Weak, generally negative relationship, and barely statistically significant. This means that age was not really related to anatomical knowledge.

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