Select all of the responses which are correct Which of the following is/are true

Question

Select all of the responses which are correct

Which of the following is/are true about bias and confounding?

a. By using a placebo control and a double-blind study design, a randomized clinical trial is immune to the possibility of bias and confounding.

b. In a prospective cohort study, investigators find that the hazard ratio for cardiovascular disease associated with consuming a healthy Mediterranean dietary pattern is 0.36, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.48, p < 0.001. Such a strong association could not be due to residual confounding.

c. Selection bias is the likely explanation for voter exit poll results suggesting that John Kerry had defeated George W. Bush in the election for US President that was ultimately won by George W. Bush.

d. Randomization is useful in clinical trials because it ensures random distribution between the treatment conditions of known and unknown confounders at baseline.

Explanation / Answer

Here

Correct responses for both bias and confounding are option a and d

a. By using a placebo control and a double-blind study design, a randomized clinical trial is immune to the possibility of bias and confounding.

d. Randomization is useful in clinical trials because it ensures random distribution between the treatment conditions of known and unknown confounders at baseline.

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