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A professor of Education is interested in the relationship between students’ vis

ID: 3313983 • Letter: A

Question

A professor of Education is interested in the relationship between students’ visits to office hours held by professors and their final grades in the course. She has obtained sample data from Hardknocks University regarding these two variables. These data are cross-tabulated below.

Visits During Office Houses

Grade

None

One or Two

Three or More

C or worse

527

540

438

B

512

526

465

A

480

509

511

She hypothesizes that the more visits made by a student to office hours, the higher the likely grade. Calculate the chi-square statistics for this table. Are the two variables related in all students? Explain your answer.

I solved this using the formula and obtained .65 as the answer. Using Excel to calculate Chi Square, I got .197061. Not sure where I went wrong or if either are correct.

Visits During Office Houses

Grade

None

One or Two

Three or More

C or worse

527

540

438

B

512

526

465

A

480

509

511

Explanation / Answer

Given table data is as below

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calculation formula for E table matrix

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expected frequecies calculated by applying E - table matrix formulae

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calculate chisquare test statistic using given observed frequencies, calculated expected frequencies from above

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set up null vs alternative as
null, Ho: no relation b/w two variables OR two variables are independent
alternative, H1: exists a relation b/w two variables OR two variables are dependent
level of significance, = 0.05
from standard normal table, chi square value at right tailed, ^2 /2 =9.488
since our test is right tailed,reject Ho when ^2 o > 9.488
we use test statistic ^2 o = (Oi-Ei)^2/Ei
from the table , ^2 o = 8.97
critical value
the value of |^2 | at los 0.05 with d.f (r-1)(c-1)= ( 3 -1 ) * ( 3 - 1 ) = 2 * 2 = 4 is 9.488
we got | ^2| =8.97 & | ^2 | =9.488
make decision
hence value of | ^2 o | < | ^2 | and here we do not reject Ho
^2 p_value =0.062
ANSWERS
---------------
null, Ho: no relation b/w two variables OR two variables are independent
alternative, H1: exists a relation b/w two variables OR two variables are dependent
test statistic: 8.97
critical value: 9.488
p-value:0.062
decision: do not reject Ho

MATRIX col1 col2 col3 TOTALS row 1 527 540 438 1505 row 2 512 526 465 1503 row 3 480 509 511 1500 TOTALS 1519 1575 1414 N = 4508
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