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I am doing a opended ended question. I really need help with that! STUDY It’s sw

ID: 3313737 • Letter: I

Question

I am doing a opended ended question. I really need help with that!

STUDY

It’s sweet news for dieters: Eating chocolate may help keep people slim, according to a study

published in the Archives of Internal Medicine.

The research found that those who ate chocolate a few

times weekly were on average thinner

than those who just ate the treat occasionally. Yes, you read that correctly. If you’re skeptical,

know that there's only a one in 100 chance the findings can be explained by chance alone.

The link between chocolate an

d weight

Chocolate is loaded with calories, but scientists believe it also contains ingredients which may

favor weight loss. The study looked at nearly 1,000 people in the U.S. and focused on diet,

caloric intake and body mass index.

Regular chocolate cons

umption was tied to lower BMI, despite increasing calorie intake. Even

when amount of exercise and other factors were taken into account, the link remained.

For you chocolate lovers, it’s not so much the amount you eat, but the frequency with which you

ind

ulge those cocoa cravings. Before you go crazy in the candy aisle, please note the research

suggests a link. It doesn’t prove it.

Previous studies have found dark chocolate to have healthy qualities, including the ability to

lower high blood pressure. It’s

known to be richer in antioxidants than its lighter counterparts.

But remember: If you’re looking for a truly healthy diet, your best bet still is one filled with

fruits and vegetables.

Question:

1: Is the article describing an experiment or a study?

2.What is the population?

3.What is the sample? Is it a random sample?

4.When studying the relationship between two variables, the variable to be predicted is called the dependent or response variable, and the variable to do the predicting is called theindependent or explanatory variable. In this article, what is the explanatory variable? What is the response variable?

5.Remember, correlation does not imply causality. Both variables in the article may be affected by some other variable lurking in the background. What are some lurking variables?

6.The article mentions a P-value. What is it?

Explanation / Answer

1: Is the article describing an experiment or a study?

It is an experiment because we are not simply obersving the values but are rather analysing the results in terms of p values and factors such as exercise , calorie intake etc


2.What is the population?
the population is the entire American population

3.What is the sample? Is it a random sample?

The sample is 1000 people selected. There is no stratification or clustering done , hence this is a random sample

4.When studying the relationship between two variables, the variable to be predicted is called the dependent or response variable, and the variable to do the predicting is called theindependent or explanatory variable. In this article, what is the explanatory variable? What is the response variable?

Response variable is the weight of the people
explanatory variables are
Chocolates
Exercise

5.Remember, correlation does not imply causality. Both variables in the article may be affected by some other variable lurking in the background. What are some lurking variables?
Lurking variables could be

Location of the study (what if people from a geo-location are relatively thinner)
Race - whether Asian, American Hispanic etc
Gender - Male vs Female
Age

6.The article mentions a P-value. What is it?

The statement " If you’re skeptical,
know that there's only a one in 100 chance the findings can be explained by chance alone."
gives us the p value as

1 in 100 chance
so 0.01