Q1. If a mutation appears in one individual that changes one base in a DNA seque
ID: 33134 • Letter: Q
Question
Q1. If a mutation appears in one individual that changes one base in a DNA sequence to another base, and the population is evolving by genetic drift, over time that mutation will:
A) Always take over and displace the old sequence.
B) Disappear half the time and completely displace the old sequence half the time.
C) Disappear most of the time.
D) Always disappear.
Q2. When a DNA sequence is mutated, the individuals with that mutated sequence must also:
A) Have corresponding changes in some trait like size or color.
B) Be in a different population from the individuals with the older sequence.
C) All have the same mutation at the same time.
D) A mutation in a DNA sequence doesn't imply anything else about that individual.
Q3. To determine how related two wolves are using DNA sequences, you would look for a sequence that:
A) Has very little or no selection on any position in the sequence.
B) Has certain positions in the sequence that are under selection.
C) Is under strong selection, so some mutations lead to better survival than others.
D) Is directly related to a trait like size or color that you can see.
Q4. Using the method from this lab, what would be the genetic distance between Dog 1 and Dog 2 based on the following DNA sequences taken from the same place in each dog's DNA? (NOT A MULTPPLE OF CHOICE QUESTION)
Dog 1: GGGGCCCC
Dog 2: GGGAACCC
_______________
Q5. If you measured the average size of individuals in many dog and wolf populations around the world, how would you use this to determine where and when dogs were domesticated from wolves?
A) You would use the UPGMA or similar technique with the size differences between dogs in the different populations.
B) You would rank the dog populations from smallest to largest to give relatedness.
C) You could not determine the relationships among dog populations using size because size changes quickly based on the environment around each population.
D) You could not determine the relationships among dog populations using size because you can only determine population relationships using DNA sequences.
Q6. What pattern of relatedness would you infer among four individuals based only on the following sequences from the same place in their chromosomes?
D1: AAAATTTT
D2: AAACTTTT
D3: ACCCTTTT
D4: CCCCGGTT
A) D1 and D2 are most closely related. D1/D2 are in turn most closely related to D3, and D4 is the least related to the others.
B) D1 and D2 are closely related. D3 and D4 are also closely related. D1/D2 are more distantly related to D3/D4.
C) D1 and D3 are most closely related. D1/D2 are in turn most closely related to D2, and D4 is the least related to the others.
D) D1 and D3 are closely related. D2 and D4 are closely related. D1/D3 are more distantly related to D2/D4.
Q7. What pattern of relatedness would you infer between the following individuals based just on these sequences?
D5: AAAATTTT
D6: AAACTTTT
D7: AGGCTTTC
D8: AGGGTTTT
A) D5 and D6 are most closely related. D5/D6 are in turn most closely related to D7, and D8 is the least related to the others.
B) D5 and D6 are closely related. D7 and D8 are also closely related. D5/D6 are more distantly related to D7/D8.
C) D5 and D7 are most closely related. D5/D7 are in turn most closely related to D6, and D8 is the least related to the others.
D) D5 and D7 are closely related. D6 and D8 are closely related. D5/D7 are more distantly related to D6/D8.
Q8. From the evolutionary tree for dogs and wolves in the lab workbook (Exercise 6: Wolves and Dogs), how many times do you infer that dogs were domesticated from wolves?
A) None; dogs were domesticated from coyotes
B) Once
C) More than once
Explanation / Answer
Q1) Disappear most of the time - Genetic drift is the change in the frequency of a gene variant in a population due to a random sampling (doesn't have to do with who is better at surviving, for ex. a flood killed most of the population except a few random individuals that happened to be at one place at one time). If you have a change in just one individual's DNA then there is a small probability that it will be passed on since genetic drift perpetuates genetic lines randomly.
Q2) A mutation in a DNA seq does not imply anything else about the individual - The mutation in DNA may result in the exact same traits as the indiivdual had before. This is called a silent mutation, where the change in DNA does not change the proteins that the DNA encodes for in anyway, therefore, making that individual phenotypically unchanged.
Q3) Is under strong selection, so some mutations lead to better survival than others - This would be the part of the DNA that would differ the most between individuals in a population since these are the genes that are being selected for or against. If two individuals posses identical sequences in areas that are more strongly selected for then they are more related than individuals that differ in DNA in this region. Looking for DNA that is not under selective pressure (like introns) would not really tell much because it will most likely be the same even in indiivduals that are not that related to each other.
Q4) I'm not sure what the lab you had measured but I would say these are pretty similar. You would need to refer back to the lab you did in class for this question though.
Q5) Since size must be coded for, you could use this method to crudely estimate where dogs domesticated from wolves. Using the UPGMA technique would enable you to organize the data in a way that determines relatedness.
Q6) D1/D2 are in turn most closely related to D3, and D4 is the least related to the others - just by looking at the sequences D1 and D2 only have a point mutation difference while the others begin to have more and more changes.
Q7) D5/D6 are more distantly related to D7/D8.
Q10) You will have to refer to your lab workbook for this question. You could probably count the branches were dogs came from wolves in the evolutionary tree and that would give you your answer.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.