could you check is that right? 4. The history of medical procedures, and n parti
ID: 3311536 • Letter: C
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could you check is that right?
4. The history of medical procedures, and n particular medical ethics, is a fascinating subject, as one sces in the 2015 Cinemax series, The Knick. The topic of eugenics is featured as a central theme. In Europe in the late 19th century there was an outbreak of imperialism that caused rising inequality together with racial, religious and cultural intolerance. By the early decades of the 20th century eugenics were widely adopted in academic curricula in many countries In the series, the chief surgeon is Jo hn W. Thackery. One sees how the treatment of the African- American physician Algernon Edwards changes, depending on whether his intellectual brilliance or his connections with a benefactor can be exploited. According to the wikipedia page on The Knick Thackery takes his place as leader of the surgery staff. His choice for deputy is his colleague Dr. Euerett Gallinger, but instead he is asked to hire Dr. Algernon Edwards, uho has outstand- ing qualifications gained in Europe, and has connections with the hospital's benefactor, Captain Robertson. When Thackery discovers Edwards is African-American, he refuses to hire him. The Robertsons then pl the funding for a vital modernization project for the hospital the installation of electricity. Hospital manager Herman Barrow then hires Edwards and tells the staff that it was Thackery's decision The Hippocratic Oath, historically taken by physicians, goes back to the ancient Greeks, around the same time that deductive mathematics emerged with Euclid's Elements. According to wikipedia, In its original form The Hippocratic Oatquires a new physician to swear, by a number of healing gods, to uphold specific ethical standards. The Oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today. These include the principles of medical confidentiality and non-maleficence. Although the ancient text is only of historic and symbolic value, swearing a modified form of the Oath remains a rite of passage for medical graduates in many countries. Suppose that in the late 19th century, a new modified form of the Hippocratic Oath is drafted by an organization of physicians, and that an employer informs its employees that they must choose and stick with a physician at one of three hospitals to receive medical care. Suppose 50% choose hospital A, 49% hospital B, and the remainder a new hospital X (which includes the equivalent of 19th-century Otolaryngologists and Optometrists) Assume that 90% of the physicians at hospital A,have taken the modified Hippocratic Oath, 80% of those from hospital B have taken it, but only 5% from hospital X have yet taken it. Let A, B and X denote the events that a randomly selected patient uses hospital A, B and X respectively. Let H denote the event that a randomly selected physician has taken the modified Hippocratic Oath a) Use the given information to label probabilities on all 9 branches the tree diagram below 10Explanation / Answer
4 a) For A in the tree, you have marked H and 0.1 and H' as 0.9. Please chage it to H as 0.9 and H' to 0.1
4 b) Here, it is asked to calculate P(X | H')
p(X | H') = P(X and H')/P(H')
= 0.01x0.95/(0.01x0.95 + 0.49x0.2 + 0.5x0.1)
= 0.0603
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