1.Imagine you are interested in women’s representation in parliament among, say,

Question

1.Imagine you are interested in women’s representation in parliament among, say, the 50 national democracies that have been continuously functioning as democracies since the mid-1960s. You hypothesize that one feature important to the presence of women in the lower (or one and only) chamber of a national parliament is whether or not a nation has a gender quota that requires political parties to put a particular percentage of women on their ballots, as 20 of the nations do.

a.State the hypothesis to be tested.-

b.Identify the units of analysis.

c.Identify the independent variable and the dependent variable.

d.Describe how you would measure each; be sure to say what your numbers mean.

e.What is the level of measure for each variable as you have measured them?

f.Report ten lines of plausible hypothetical data.

g.Draw plausible hypothetical data distributions for each variable, as in histograms, making sure to label the horizontal and the vertical axis of each.

h.Report values of what you think are each variable’s mean, median, and standard deviations.

i.Do you expect the distribution of each variable to be skewed? Explain why or why not.

Explanation / Answer

a. We need to test the hypothesis that the average presence of women from democracies having a gender quota is the same as the average presence of woman from democracies that do not have gender quota

b. The units of analysis would be the democracy having a gender quota or not. Hence 20 nations would be having the criteria whereas remaining 30 would not.

c. Independent variable = a democracy having gender quota or not, say 1 for having gender quota and 0 otherwise

The dependent variable is the representation of the women in the parliament, say 1 for representation and 0 otherwise or between 0 and 1 for percentage average representation

d. Gender quota would be measured as 1 for gender quota and 0 otherwise. For average representation we measure the average number of days women are present in the parliament to the total sessions thereby getting the average representation. If the slope of the regression is significant then we can say that average representation is affected by gender quota

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