MONASH University Science SC/1020: Introduction to Statistical Reasoning WEEK 9:

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MONASH University Science SC/1020: Introduction to Statistical Reasoning WEEK 9: INTRODUCTION TO INFERENCE SIGNIFICANCE TESTS: Student's Name: testing an bypothesized population value by taking a sample Tuterial Day Time: PRELIMINARY READING: D S Moore et al,"Basic Practice of Statistics" 7h ed, Ch17 and, in part, Ch 18 Inference in Practice 6 ed: Chi5, and Ch 16 in part) Note that sections on 're-sampling, sample size planning and Power of a Test' are NOT in the SCI1020 course. On completion of this workshop you should be able to: 1. Perform the necessary steps in a test of significance (called a z-test) about a mean with known population standard deviation. This includes a) the correct writing and notation of the hypotheses, b) the checking of conditions necessary, c) the calculation of a test statistic, d) use the Standard Normal Curve (Table A) to obtain arca (probability) or p-values, and e) make conclusions based on this test result. 2. State what the term "significance" means in practice PRELIMINARY Q.1 State what is meant by each of the terms: Term Definition Test of significance (or hypothesis test) Test statistic P-value Week 9 Copyright 2017: Monash University Page | 1

Explanation / Answer

Hypothesis test: Different statistical tests that estimates the probability of sample outcomes if assumptions regarding null hypothesis are true.

Test statistic: Test statistic is referred as the statistic calculated using sample data and is highly useful in determining the p value which in turn helps in determining whether to reject or accept null hypothesis. Different hypothesis test uses different test statistic based on the sampling distribution.

P value obtained from test statistic helps in determining the significance of result. If p value is less than given significance level, reject null hypothesis.

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