The governor of your state approached you and your team in the state’s Public He
ID: 3298644 • Letter: T
Question
The governor of your state approached you and your team in the state’s Public Health Department to assess the two screening tools used to detect the presence of a new sexually transmitted disease (D). You and your team are tasked to figure out which screening tool the state needs to purchase to identify those who have the disease D, and to prevent rapid spread of the disease. The researchers who discovered D state that ongoing investigation points to several factors that appear to magnify the spread of this disease.
Amswer throughly the following questions:
1)What type of information or data do you need to start your own investigation? (Hint: Please make any assumptions you need about the sample, population, two screening tests, and the disease –clearly state what these assumptions are and why.
2)How would you and your team go about assessing the two screening tools? What is the logic involved?
Are there any interactions and/or confounders associated with this disease?
3) How would you measure and/or control for them? What statistical procedures would you employ to figure out which statistical test would be better?
Thank you!
Learning Objectives:
1. Decide on a screening tool to address a public health problem.
2. Interpret prevalence, incidence, odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a screening tool.
3. Describe 2x2 contingency tables.
4. Identify confounders and effect modifiers.
5. Define and interpret prevalence, incidence, and odds ratio.
The governor of your state approached you and your team in the state’s Public Health Department to assess the two screening tools used to detect the presence of a new sexually transmitted disease (D). You and your team are tasked to figure out which screening tool the state needs to purchase to identify those who have the disease D, and to prevent rapid spread of the disease. The researchers who discovered D state that ongoing investigation points to several factors that appear to magnify the spread of this disease.
Amswer throughly the following questions:
1)What type of information or data do you need to start your own investigation? (Hint: Please make any assumptions you need about the sample, population, two screening tests, and the disease –clearly state what these assumptions are and why.
2)How would you and your team go about assessing the two screening tools? What is the logic involved?
Are there any interactions and/or confounders associated with this disease?
3) How would you measure and/or control for them? What statistical procedures would you employ to figure out which statistical test would be better?
Thank you!
Learning Objectives:
1. Decide on a screening tool to address a public health problem.
2. Interpret prevalence, incidence, odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a screening tool.
3. Describe 2x2 contingency tables.
4. Identify confounders and effect modifiers.
5. Define and interpret prevalence, incidence, and odds ratio.
Explanation / Answer
We have two screening tools for detecting the presence of a new sexually transmitted disease.
1)What type of information or data do you need to start your own investigation? (Hint: Please make any assumptions you need about the sample, population, two screening tests, and the disease –clearly state what these assumptions are and why.
We will carry out a double blind experiment and randomly assign the screening tests to the people undergoing the tests. Since the test can't be performed by randomly choosing people in the population, we would be having an observational study in that we assign the screening test randomly to the people arriving for the tests.
2)How would you and your team go about assessing the two screening tools? What is the logic involved?
ROC curve would be the appropriate way of detecting the better screening tools. The tool that has larger area under curve (AUC) would be the one protecting against false positives and false negatives.
Are there any interactions and/or confounders associated with this disease?
Interactions or confounders are not associated here.
3) How would you measure and/or control for them? What statistical procedures would you employ to figure out which statistical test would be better?
ROC tests are the best to tell whether the area difference under the curves are significantly different or not.
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