The data below are related to a sample of breast cancer survivors and their surv

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The data below are related to a sample of breast cancer survivors and their survival rate. If "age" refers to one's age at diagnosis and "time" refers to the survival time since diagnosis in months, these data would suggest: Increased age is associated with increased survival time Increased age is associated with decreased survival time Older women are more likely to get breast cancer than younger women There is no relationship between age and survival You are interested in understanding which majors on campus are best at encouraging political involvement among their students. You take a sample of 100 students, roughly evenly divided by math majors, social work majors, psychology majors, and nursing majors. You then ask each student whether they voted in the recent primary (yes/no). An appropriate statistical test for examining the relationship between major and voting would be ANOVA t-test Chi square correlation

Explanation / Answer

4. The Pearson correlation coefficient, r for variables age and time is -0.102. The sign indicates a negative relationship between the variables (option 1 is therefore discarded), but the value of r is very low, which in turn denotes poor association between age and time [closer the value of r to +1, stronger the relationship, closer the value of r to -1, weaker the relationship]. The correlation is significant at 0.01 level, thus option 4 is discarded. Among option 2 and 3, 3 is not suitable as the correlation table doesnot give information about how many women were diagnosed at an young stage and older stage. Thus, option 2 is fit.

5. There are 100 students categorized into two variables-type of majors and whether they have voted in recent primary. Thus the counted dat aconditions are followed. It can be assumed that students in the study are independent of each other, which verifies the independence assumption. The sample can be safely assumed to be representative of the population. Thus, randomization condition is verified. Finally the 100 students is far fewer than 10% of all students with given majors and voting category. Therefore, the appropriate statistical test is Chi-sqaure. ANOVA, t test and correlation do not seem to be appropriate.

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