1.1 Other things being equal, compared to the paired-samples (or dependent) t -t
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Question
1.1 Other things being equal, compared to the paired-samples (or dependent) t-test, the independent t-test:
a.Has the same amount of power, the data are just collected differently.
b. Has more power to find an effect.
c. Is less robust.
d. Has less power to find an effect.
1.2 Which of the following sentences is an accurate description of the standard error?
a. It is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic.
b. It is the observed difference between sample means minus the expected difference between population means (if the null hypothesis is true).
c. It is the same as the standard deviation.
d. The standard deviation squared
1.3 A small standard error of differences tells us:
a.That the differences between scores are not normally distributed.
b. That most pairs of samples from a population will have very similar means.
c. That sample means can deviate quite a lot from the population mean and so differences between pairs of samples can be quite large by chance alone.
d. That the differences between scores are normally distributed.
1.4 What does the independent t-test test assume?
a. The means of two sets of scores are correlated.
b. The sampling distribution is normally distributed.
c. The data are normally distributed
d. There are no differences between the mean scores.
1.5 An paired-samples t-test is used to test for:
Differences between means of groups containing different entities when the sampling distribution is normally distributed, and the data have equal variances and are at least interval.
Differences between means of groups containing the same entities when the sampling distribution is normally distributed, and the data have equal variances and are at least interval.
Differences between means of groups containing the same entities when the sampling distribution is not normally distributed and the data do not have unequal variances.
d. Differences between means of groups containing different entities when the sampling distribution is not normally distributed
1.6 To calculate a t statistic, what information is needed from the sample?
the value for n
the value for M
the value for s or s2
All of the other options are needed to compute t.
a.Has the same amount of power, the data are just collected differently.
b. Has more power to find an effect.
c. Is less robust.
d. Has less power to find an effect.
1.2 Which of the following sentences is an accurate description of the standard error?
a. It is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic.
b. It is the observed difference between sample means minus the expected difference between population means (if the null hypothesis is true).
c. It is the same as the standard deviation.
d. The standard deviation squared
1.3 A small standard error of differences tells us:
a.That the differences between scores are not normally distributed.
b. That most pairs of samples from a population will have very similar means.
c. That sample means can deviate quite a lot from the population mean and so differences between pairs of samples can be quite large by chance alone.
d. That the differences between scores are normally distributed.
1.4 What does the independent t-test test assume?
a. The means of two sets of scores are correlated.
b. The sampling distribution is normally distributed.
c. The data are normally distributed
d. There are no differences between the mean scores.
1.5 An paired-samples t-test is used to test for:
a.Differences between means of groups containing different entities when the sampling distribution is normally distributed, and the data have equal variances and are at least interval.
b.Differences between means of groups containing the same entities when the sampling distribution is normally distributed, and the data have equal variances and are at least interval.
c.Differences between means of groups containing the same entities when the sampling distribution is not normally distributed and the data do not have unequal variances.
d. Differences between means of groups containing different entities when the sampling distribution is not normally distributed
1.6 To calculate a t statistic, what information is needed from the sample?
a.the value for n
b.the value for M
c.the value for s or s2
d.All of the other options are needed to compute t.
Explanation / Answer
1.1)a.Has the same amount of power, the data are just collected differently.
1.2)b. It is the observed difference between sample means minus the expected difference between population means (if the null hypothesis is true).
1.3)c. That sample means can deviate quite a lot from the population mean and so differences between pairs of samples can be quite large by chance alone
1.4)a. The means of two sets of scores are correlated
1.5)a. Differences between means of groups containing different entities when the sampling distribution is normally distributed, and the data have equal variances and are at least interval
1.6)D All of the other options are needed to compute t
the estimated standard error of M is Sm = the square root of (sample variance (s2) divided by n)
formulae for sample variance s2=SS/n-1
statistic t=t = (M-pop. mean)/ Sm
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