Rosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medi

Question

Rosiglitazone is the active ingredient in the controversial type 2 diabetes medicine Avandia and hasbeen linked to an increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems such as stroke, heart failure, and death. A common alternative treatment is pioglitazone, the active ingredient in a diabetes medicine called Actos. Data collected as part of a nationwide retrospective observational study of 227,571 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older are summarized in the contingency table below.

Use the information in this table to answer the following questions.
(a) How many patients on Pioglitazone had cardiovascular problems? How many patients on Rosiglitazonehad problems? Can we conclude from these numbers that the rate of cardiovascular problems for those on a Pioglitazone treatment is higher.
(b) Do the data suggest that diabetic patients who are taking rosiglitazone are more likely to have cardiovascular problems than those on pioglitazone? Justify your answer.
(c) What proportion of all patients had cardiovascular problems?

Cardiovascular problems No 65,000 154,592 219,592 Total 67,593 159,978 227,571 Yes Treatment Rosiglitazone 2,593 Pioglitazone 5,386 Total 7,979

Explanation / Answer

(a) Patients on Pioglitazone who had cardiovascular problems = 5,386

Patients on Rosiglitazone had cardiovascular problems    = 2,593

We cant conclude from these numbers that rate of cardiovascular problems for those on a Pioglitazone treatment is higher beacuse , Total patients who were Pioglitazone is also higher than Rosiglitazone.

We need to look at the percentage of people with cardiovascular problems in both cases , rather tahn looking at absolute numbers.

(b) YES, the data suggests that diabetic patients who are taking rosiglitazone are more likely to have cardiovascular problems than those on pioglitazone.

% of people with CV problems taking rosiglitazone = 2593 / 67593 = 0.03836 = 3.83%

% of people with CV problems taking pioglitazone. = 5386 / 159978 = 0.0336 = 3.36%

(c) Proportion of all patients had cardiovascular problems = (2593+ 5386) / 227571 = 0.03506 = 3.506%

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