A study is designed to investigate potential adverse effects of drug X. A table

Question

A study is designed to investigate potential adverse effects of drug X. A table given below summarizes the first look of the outcomes. The re- searcher randomly assigns 204 from a group of 409 participants to take drug X. The remaining 205 subjects received placebo. Row 1 of the data table gives the numbers of participants who report experiencing adverse effects.

Question: Within the placebo group, 4.2% of younger subjects (age < 55) and 18.8% of older subjects (of age 55+) suffer from adverse effects. In addition, there are 85 participants (out of 205) who are of age 55 or older. Based on this information, please propose an alternative model for the placebo group.

Drug X Placebo

Adverse 30 21

No Effect 174 184

Total 204 205

Explanation / Answer

Given model:

                     Drug X           Placebo          Total

Adverse             30                21                 51

No Effect         174                184               358

Total               204                 205               409

Alternative model for the placebo group

                    age < 55              age > 55              Total

Adverse              5                        16                    21

No Effect          115                       69                    184

Total               120                           85                    205

This is the answer to the question asked.

EXPLANATION HOW THIS TABLE IS FORMED:

First overall total = 205.

Total of age > 55 is 85.

So, Total age < 55 is = 205 - 85 = 120.

For age < 55: 4.2% is Adverse.

So, Adverse for age < 55 = 120 X 4.2/100 = 5.04, rounded to 5

For age > 55, 18.8% is Adverse.for age > 55 = 85 X 18.8/100 = 15.98, rounded to 16.

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