SPSS Module 4 Assignment—One Sample and Dependent t Tests General Instructions:

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SPSS Module 4 Assignment—One Sample and Dependent t Tests

General Instructions:   This assignment deals with using SPSS to perform a one sample and dependent (paired) t-test. As with previous assignments, the Aspelmeier and Pierce text does a wonderful job of explaining how to actually run the tests in Chapter 7. Again I have generated the output for you so you will just need to interpret the results. Use chapter 7 to complete this assignment.

One Sample t test:

The population average length of friendships with their closest female friend is known (µ= 69.61) but the population variance is unknown. As we learned from the text and the PPTs, we know these research situations require the use of the One Sample t Tests. Here are the researchers’ hypotheses:

1.The researchers think that our group of 100 females will score differently than the population on the length of the friendship with their closest female friend.

Use the SPSS data to make conclusions.

Part 1—The Analyses

1.For this test you would run a One Sample t Tests: one for “Length of the friendship with their closest female friend.” To do that, follow the instruction in Chapter 7. Here is an example and the output:

One-Sample Statistics

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Length of Closest Female Friendship

100

82.16

53.183

5.318

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 69.61                                  

T

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Length of Closest Female Friendship

2.360

99

.020

12.550

2.00

23.10

Dependent (Paired) Sample t test:

The researchers know that the rating of intimacy and emotional support will be similar. Because these ratings are made by the same people on the same friend, the scores are linked. As we learned from the text and the PPTs, we know these research situations require the use of the Paired Sample t Tests. Here are the researchers’ hypotheses:

1.The researchers think that our group of 100 females will rate intimacy and emotional support the same.

Use the SPSS data to make conclusions.

Paired Samples Statistics

Mean

N

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

EmoSupport

56.44

100

8.272

.827

Paired Samples Correlations

N

Correlation

Sig.

Pair 1

Intimacy & EmoSupport

100

.763

.000

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Pair 1

Intimacy - EmoSupport

1.920

5.382

.538

.852

2.988

3.568

99

.001

For each analysis, use the following steps to write a complete description of results in proper APA format.

1.State what hypothesis was tested.

2.State what test was used.

3.What decision did you make? Reject the null or retain (fail to reject) the null.

4.Were the groups significantly different from each other?

5.Report the means and standard deviations for each group.

6.Put numbers in APA format:

a.General Format: symbol for the test (df)= obtained value, p> or < significance level

b.Specific for t Tests: t(99)=1.98, p<.05

7.Report Effect Size (if known)

Example:

        Adolescent males were expected to score significantly higher on a measure of aggression than were adolescent females. An independent t test was used to test the hypothesis leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis. Adolescent males (M=14.67, SD=2.35) were significantly more aggressive than were adolescent females (M=9.65, SD=1.59), t(78)=3.93, p<.05.

Since we ran 2 analyses, you will need to do 2 write-ups for this assignment.

Analysis for One Sample t test:

1.Answer the following questions

a.What is the null hypothesis tested?__________________________

b.Why is the One Sample t Test the correct test to use?

c.Write up the results for the One Sample t Test we ran for Length of the friendship with their closest female friend below:

Analysis for Dependent (Paired) t test:

1.Answer the following questions

a.What is the null hypothesis tested?__________________________

b.Thinking about the original research hypothesis, does the researcher want to retain or reject the null in this case? Why?

c.Write up the results for the Paired Sample t Test we ran Intimacy and Emotional Support below:

One-Sample Statistics

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Length of Closest Female Friendship

100

82.16

53.183

5.318

One-Sample Test

Test Value = 69.61                                  

T

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Length of Closest Female Friendship

2.360

99

.020

12.550

2.00

23.10

One-Sample T Test Test Variable(s): Options Length of Closest F Participants Age Gender [sgender] . Ethnicity [sethnic] Year in College [c.. Where do you live.. Household you g.. Number of Femal. tsat1 Test Value: 69.61 OK Paste Reset Cancel Help

Explanation / Answer

One-Sample Statistics
1.State what hypothesis was tested.
H0: The population average length of friendships with their closest female friend is µ= 69.61
H1: The population average length of friendships with their closest female friend is µ not = 69.61

2.State what test was used.
Given population SD is not given, so we have to use 't-test for single mean'

3.What decision did you make? Reject the null or retain (fail to reject) the null.
Given alpha = 5%, the critical value of t at 5% and 99df is 1.9842
If test statistic t value > t-critical value 1.9842 then we rejeect H0

4.Were the groups significantly different from each other?
Yes

5.Report the means and standard deviations for each group.
From the report, Mean = 82.16 and SD = 53.183, also sample size n = 100

6.Put numbers in APA format:
a.General Format: symbol for the test (df)= obtained value, p> or < significance level

Here P-value = 0.020 which is < alpha 0.05, so we reject H0

b.Specific for t Tests: t(99)=1.98, p<.05
Test statistic (df=99) = 69.61, > critical value of t 1.9842, so we reject H0

Thus we conclude that the population average length of friendships with their closest female friend is µ not = 69.61

7.Report Effect Size (if known)
Eta = |82.16 - 69.61| / 53.183 = 0.236 Low effect

Paired Sample t test

1.State what hypothesis was tested.

H0: The researchers think that our group of 100 females will rate intimacy and emotional support the same.
H1: The researchers think that our group of 100 females will rate intimacy and emotional support the not same

2.State what test was used.
There are two variables and they are dependent,so we have to use 'Paired -samples T test'

3.What decision did you make? Reject the null or retain (fail to reject) the null.
t-critical value at 5% los and 98 df is 1.984
If test statistic t value > t critical valuse then we reject H0

4.Were the groups significantly different from each other?
No, they are dependent

5.Report the means and standard deviations for each group.
From Report, mean = 56.44 and SD = 8.272 for Emosupport
Paired Samples Mean = 1.920 and SD = 5.382

6.Put numbers in APA format:

a.General Format: symbol for the test (df)= obtained value, p> or < significance level
P-value = 0.01 < alpha 0.05, so we reject H0

b.Specific for t Tests: t(99)=1.98, p<.05
Test statistic t = 3.568 > t - critical value(1.98), so we reject H0

Thus we conclude that The researchers think that our group of 100 females will rate intimacy and emotional support the not same

7.Report Effect Size (if known)
Eta = 1.920 / 5.382 = 0.3567 (medium effect)

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