A screening program for neuroblastoma (a type of cancer) was undertaken in Germa

Question

A screening program for neuroblastoma (a type of cancer) was undertaken in Germany among children born between November 1, 1993 and June 30, 2000, who were 9 to 18 months of age between May 1995 and April 2000.

A total of 4,475,773 children participated in the screening program, of whom 204 were diagnosed between 12 and 60 months of age. The researchers expected the incidence rate of neuroblastoma to be 7.3 per 100,000 children during this period in the absence of screening.

Question
1. Test whether the number of cases detected by the screening program is significantly greater than expected. Provide a one-tailed p value. (Hint: Use the normal approximation to the binomial distribution.)

Explanation / Answer

Ho : p = 7.3/100000

HA : p > 7.3/100000

p^ = X /n = 204/4475773 = 0.00004557871

TS = (p^ - p)/sqrt(pq/n)

= (0.00004557871 - 7.3/100000)/sqrt(7.3/100000 * (1 -7.3/100000) / 4475773)

= -6.79010249

p-value = P(Z > -6.79010249)

= 1

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