Give a brief answer to each of the following six (6) questions: (a) State the di
ID: 3250673 • Letter: G
Question
Give a brief answer to each of the following six (6) questions:
(a) State the differences between stratified and cluster sampling.
(b) Explain the difference between a Type 1 and a Type II error.
(c) If you want to reduce the margin of error of an estimate of a mean, what are the two things can you do?
(d) Explain the difference between an independent samples t-test and paired t-test.
(e) State and explain the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for the sample mean when the population distribution is (i) symmetric and (ii) not symmetric.
(f) Explain the problems associated with non-random sampling.
Explanation / Answer
Q1. Stratified random sampling is a sampling method in which the population is first divided into strata ( a homogeneous subset of the population).example-For a population , male and female strata.
Cluster random sampling is a method in which the population is first divided into clusters (cluster is a heterogeneous subset of the population).example-survey of high school students in extracurricular activities.
Q3.ways to reduce margin of error-
1. reduce std deviation
2. increase sample size
3.Use a lower level of confidence
Q2.When the null hypothesis is true and you reject it, you make a type I error.When the null hypothesis is false and you accept it, you make a type II error.
Q4.Paired Samples T-Tests are used to compare groups that are related ,say first group are the same as participants in the second group.Independent Samples T-Tests are used to compare groups of participants that are not related in any way. The groups are independent from one another.
Q5. The central limit theorem states that given a sufficiently large sample size from a population with a finite level of variance, the mean of all samples from the same population will be approximately equal to the mean of the population.
Q6.Their big disadvantage is that sampling error cannot reliably be quantified, as the sampling properties of any estimators used are not known.
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