Levels of groups’ certainties about their eyewitness testimony to a simulated cr

Question

Levels of groups’ certainties about their eyewitness testimony to a simulated crime were compared. The

first group was set up to be “right” in its eyewitness accounts and the second group was set up to be

“wrong”; the desire was to see if confidence differed across groups. Thirtyfour participants were

recruited from a college campus and randomly divided into two groups, both of which were shown a

video of a crime scenario (length: 58 seconds) in which the perpetrator’s facial characteristics (with

respect to the camera) were clearly visible at two separate points and sporadically visible at others. Half

the participants then were shown a five individual lineup that contained the perpetrator in the video

(“Group A”), and half the participants were shown a five-individual lineup that did not contain the

perpetrator (“Group B”). Participants were asked to (a) identify if and where the perpetrator was in the

lineup and (b) provide a rating of confidence on a scale from 1 to 10 (10 being highly confident) that the

selection was the same as the person seen in the video committing the crime. All participants signed

consent forms, were told they could leave the study at any time, and were told they would be debriefed.

Data on the confidence ratings are shown below

QUESTION: EXPLAIN HOW STATISTICAL PROCEDURES CAN HELP YOU DETERMINE WHETHER THE DATA IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CHANCE FACTORS

Group A Confidence     Group B Confidence 7 10 10 5 9 5 10 10 8 7 5 6 10 10 10 9 1 3 10 6 5 4 6 10 7 10 6 10 4 3 5 7 10 8

Explanation / Answer

Statitical Procedures:

Statistical procedures, always assumes that the treatment differences are due to chance and not due to the actual factor. Hence, the nul hypothesis is setted as no differernce. And the test-statistics will be constructed based on the null hyopthesis. Test stastics will help us to determine how normal the observed differernces are and by comparing the test-statistic to the table values we can show how much the treatment difference is attributatble to chance factor via p-values.

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