Determine whether the samples are independent or dependent. The effectiveness of

Question

Determine whether the samples are independent or dependent.

The effectiveness of a headache medicine is tested by measuring the intensity of a headache in patients before and after drug treatment. The effectiveness of a new headache medicine is tested by measuring the amount of time before the headache is cured for patients who use the medicine and another group of patients who use a placebo drug. The effectiveness of a new approach in marital communication is tested by measuring the number of interruptions for married couples participating in the study, and couples are placed in either the 'husbands' group or the 'wives' group. To test the effectiveness of a new fertilize on the heights of trees, sample tress are planted in pairs, with one tree given the fertilizer treatment while the other tree is not given the treatment. A. Dependent samples B. Independent samples

Explanation / Answer

In the first case, the drug is given to a group of people whose intensity of heache is measure before and after the treatment. Hence the measurements are dependent on this single group and therefore these are dependent samples.

In case 2 there are 2 sets of people and the time taken to cure is measured based on 2 different treatments. Hence these are Independent samples.

In case 3, again the couples are placed either in husbands group or the wives group. Here these are dependent samples as it is required that there be a couple and for a measure both , the husband and the wife is required.

In case 4, these are like in case 2, independent samples as one set of trees are given treatment with fertilizer and the other is given without fertilizer

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