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1. Wishing to test the claim that a certain coin is “fair”: You toss the coin 25

ID: 3237673 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Wishing to test the claim that a certain coin is “fair”: You toss the coin 250 times, and get 140 heads. Using the appropriate Binomial Distribution model for a fair coin, find the following values:

a.) The mean and standard deviation of the sample heads count X, for the 250 tosses.

b.) The difference d between the heads count X from your test, and the expected heads count.

c.) The percent probability that X would fall at least d away from expected, in the positive direction.

d.) The percent probability that X would fall at least d away from expected, in either direction.

2. Refer back to the completed coin-toss experiment data, using the Central Limit Theorem and the appropriate Normal Distribution Model for a fair coin, find the following values:

a. The mean and standard deviation of the sample proportion pof heads, for the 250 tosses.

b. The difference d between the heads proportion pfrom your test, and the expected heads proportion.

c. The percent probability that pwould fall at least d away from expected, in the positive direction.

d. The percent probability that pwould fall at least d away from expected, in either direction.

Explanation / Answer

Solution:

a)

Bionomial distribution with

n = 250

p=1/2

mean = n*p = 250*1/2 = 125

standard deviation = sqrt(n*p*(1-p) = sqrt(250*1/2*1/2) = 7.9

b)

Expected value of Heads = E(H) = n*P(H) = 250*1/2 = 125

so,

d = 140-125 = 15

c)

probability that X would fall at least d away from expected, in the positive direction = P(X>140)

= 1-P(X<140)

= 1 - P(Z<(140-125)/7.9)

= 1- P(Z<1.89)

= 1-0.97

=0.03

d)

probability that X would fall at least d away from expected, in either direction

= P(X<(125-15))+P(X>140)

=P(X<110)+P(X>140)

=P(Z<(110-125)/7.9)+0.03

=0.03+0.03

=0.06