Non-native speakers of English often have \"accents\" that differ, depending on

Question

Non-native speakers of English often have "accents" that differ, depending on the speaker's first language. Does written English have similar "accents?" In a study of Chinese Malay and Indian children studying in Singapore, characteristics of their writing were investigated for differences. One such characteristic was a rounding at the top of the capital letter "A." Observed "Top rounding" on the capital letter A Is there convincing evidence that the observed "Top rounding" on the capital letter A are not the same for the different languages? Test the relevant hypothesis at the .05 level.

Explanation / Answer

here applying chi square test of independence on above:

for above 2 degree of freedom at 0.05 level; critical value =5.991

from above chi stat 10.2373 is higher then critical value . hence we reject null hypothesis and conclude that the observed top rounding on the capital letter A are not the same for the different languages

Observed O malay indian chinese Total yes 9 21 8 38 no 42 31 42 115 Total 51 52 50 153 Expected E=rowtotal*column total/grand total malay indian chinese Total yes 12.667 12.915 12.418 38 no 38.333 39.085 37.582 115 Total 51 52 50 153 chi square =(O-E)^2/E malay indian chinese Total yes 1.061 5.0613 1.5720 7.695 no 0.351 1.672 0.519 2.543 Total 1.412 6.734 2.091 10.2373

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