The data in the Lancet article shows that in a sample of 25, 570 people who were

Question

The data in the Lancet article shows that in a sample of 25, 570 people who were monitored over 30 years, 14, 035 were following an aspirin-a-day regimen and 11, 535 were taking a placebo. In the aspirin group, 327 people died of cancer. In the placebo group, 347 died of cancer. Use this information to fill in the following contingency table and to answer the questions below: (a) Calculate the risk of cancer death for those in the aspirin group (decimal form rounded to three decimal places). (b) Calculate the risk of death for those in the control group (decimal form rounded to three decimal places). (c) Find the increased risk of death for the aspirin group compared to the control group. (d) Use the increased risk in part (d) to write a sentence that summarizes the key finding of the study. (e) Calculate the x^2 statistic for the chi-square test of independence to 2 decimal places.

Explanation / Answer

Part-bRisk of death for those in control group=347/(11535)= 0.030082358

Part-e

From following calcualtions chi-sqaire=11.35

Chi-Square Test Observed Frequencies Cancer Deaths Calculations Medicine Yes No Total fo-fe Aspirin 327 13708 14035 -42.9488 42.94877 Placebo 347 11188 11535 42.94877 -42.9488 Total 674 24896 25570 Expected Frequencies Cancer Deaths Medicine Yes No Total (fo-fe)^2/fe Aspirin 369.9488 13665.05 14035 4.986087 0.134986 Placebo 304.0512 11230.95 11535 6.06673 0.164242 Total 674 24896 25570 Data Level of Significance 0.05 Number of Rows 2 Number of Columns 2 Degrees of Freedom 1 Results Critical Value 3.841459 Chi-Square Test Statistic 11.35205 p-Value 0.000754 Reject the null hypothesis

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