A researcher has studied subject\'s ability to learn to translate words into Mor

Question

A researcher has studied subject's ability to learn to translate words into Morse code. He has experimented with two treatment conditions: in one condition, the subjects are given massed practice; they spend 8 full hours on the task. In the other condition, subjects are given distributed practice; they also spend 8 hours, but their practice is spread over four days, practicing 2 hours at a time. After the practice, alt subjects are given a test message to encode; the dependent variable is the number of errors made. The researcher has matched the subjects on intelligence. The results are in the following table. Decide which statistical test would be appropriate, carry out the test, and evaluate the outcome. Assume a significance level of .05 and that the direction of the outcome has not been predicted.

Explanation / Answer

The two samples are to be tested for difference of means.

The most approprite test here is t-test for difference in mean.

H0: There is no difference in the two approaches

H1: There is a significant difference in the two approaches

The R code for conducting the test is:

massed <- c(6,4,3,5,2)
practice <- c(5,3,2,2,3)
t.test(massed, practice)

The output is:

data: massed and practice
t = 1.118, df = 7.5294, p-value = 0.298
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-1.085208 3.085208
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
4 3

Since the p-value is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis is not rejected and we conclude that the two approaches have statistically same result.

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