Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the

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Question

Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the United States, there is a strong relationship between education and smoking: well-educated people are less likely to smoke. Does a similar relationship hold in France? Here is a two-way table of the level of education and smoking status (nonsmoker, former smoker, moderate smoker, heavy smoker) of a sample of 458 French men aged 20 to 60 years. The subjects are a random sample of men who visited a health center for a routine checkup. We are willing to consider them an SRS of men from their region of France.

(b) Fill in the blanks below with the conditional probabilities that would make level of education and smoking status independent.

Education Smoking Status Total Nonsmoker Former Moderate Heavy Primary school 58 55 42 36 191 Secondary school 39 41 25 30 135 University 51 30 37 14 132

Explanation / Answer

Education Smoking Status Total Nonsmoker Former Moderate Heavy Primary school 30.37% 28.8% 21.99% 18.85% 100% Secondary school 28.89% 30.37% 18.52% 22.22% 100% University 38.64% 22.73% 28.03% 10.61% 100%

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Smoking remains more common in much of Europe than in the United States. In the

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