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CARS: A sample of 20 cars, including measurements of fuel consumption (city mi/g

ID: 3228076 • Letter: C

Question

CARS: A sample of 20 cars, including measurements of fuel consumption (city mi/gal and highway mi/gal), weight (pounds), number of cylinders, engine displacement (in liters), amount of greenhouse gases emitted (in tons/year), and amount of tailpipe emissions of NOx (in lb/yr).

CAR

CITY

HWY

WEIGHT

CYLINDERS

DISPLACEMENT

MAN/AUTO

GHG

NOX

Chev. Camaro

19

30

3545

6

3.8

M

12

34.4

Chev. Cavalier

23

31

2795

4

2.2

A

10

25.1

Dodge Neon

23

32

2600

4

2

A

10

25.1

Ford Taurus

19

27

3515

6

3

A

12

25.1

Honda Accord

23

30

3245

4

2.3

A

11

25.1

Lincoln Cont.

17

24

3930

8

4.6

A

14

25.1

Mercury Mystique

20

29

3115

6

2.5

A

12

34.4

Mitsubishi Eclipse

22

33

3235

4

2

M

10

25.1

Olds. Aurora

17

26

3995

8

4

A

13

34.4

Pontiac Grand Am

22

30

3115

4

2.4

A

11

25.1

Toyota Camry

23

32

3240

4

2.2

M

10

25.1

Cadillac DeVille

17

26

4020

8

4.6

A

13

34.4

Chev. Corvette

18

28

3220

8

5.7

M

12

34.4

Chrysler Sebring

19

27

3175

6

2.5

A

12

25.1

Ford Mustang

20

29

3450

6

3.8

M

12

34.4

BMW 3-Series

19

27

3225

6

2.8

A

12

34.4

Ford Crown Victoria

17

24

3985

8

4.6

A

14

25.1

Honda Civic

32

37

2440

4

1.6

M

8

25.1

Mazda Protege

29

34

2500

4

1.6

A

9

25.1

Hyundai Accent

28

37

2290

4

1.5

A

9

34.4

Is there evidence that automatic cars are more common than manual cars?

Use a 0.05 significance level to conduct a suitable hypotheses test using the dataset MAN/AUTO as a sample to conduct your test. Set hypotheses, find your point estimate, determine the sampling distribution, find the test statistic, find the p-value and

conclude the test.

CAR

CITY

HWY

WEIGHT

CYLINDERS

DISPLACEMENT

MAN/AUTO

GHG

NOX

Chev. Camaro

19

30

3545

6

3.8

M

12

34.4

Chev. Cavalier

23

31

2795

4

2.2

A

10

25.1

Dodge Neon

23

32

2600

4

2

A

10

25.1

Ford Taurus

19

27

3515

6

3

A

12

25.1

Honda Accord

23

30

3245

4

2.3

A

11

25.1

Lincoln Cont.

17

24

3930

8

4.6

A

14

25.1

Mercury Mystique

20

29

3115

6

2.5

A

12

34.4

Mitsubishi Eclipse

22

33

3235

4

2

M

10

25.1

Olds. Aurora

17

26

3995

8

4

A

13

34.4

Pontiac Grand Am

22

30

3115

4

2.4

A

11

25.1

Toyota Camry

23

32

3240

4

2.2

M

10

25.1

Cadillac DeVille

17

26

4020

8

4.6

A

13

34.4

Chev. Corvette

18

28

3220

8

5.7

M

12

34.4

Chrysler Sebring

19

27

3175

6

2.5

A

12

25.1

Ford Mustang

20

29

3450

6

3.8

M

12

34.4

BMW 3-Series

19

27

3225

6

2.8

A

12

34.4

Ford Crown Victoria

17

24

3985

8

4.6

A

14

25.1

Honda Civic

32

37

2440

4

1.6

M

8

25.1

Mazda Protege

29

34

2500

4

1.6

A

9

25.1

Hyundai Accent

28

37

2290

4

1.5

A

9

34.4

Explanation / Answer

Solution:-

State the hypotheses. The first step is to state the null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.

Null hypothesis: PManual> PAuto

Alternative hypothesis: PManual < PAuto

Note that these hypotheses constitute a one-tailed test.

Formulate an analysis plan. For this analysis, the significance level is 0.05. The test method is a two-proportion z-test.

Analyze sample data. Using sample data, we calculate the pooled sample proportion (p) and the standard error (SE). Using those measures, we compute the z-score test statistic (z).

p = (p1 * n1 + p2 * n2) / (n1 + n2)

p = 0.50

SE = sqrt{ p * ( 1 - p ) * [ (1/n1) + (1/n2) ] }

SE = 0.1581

z = (p1 - p2) / SE

z = - 2.53

where p1 is the sample proportion in sample 1, where p2 is the sample proportion in sample 2, n1 is the size of sample 1, and n2 is the size of sample 2.

Since we have a one-tailed test, the P-value is the probability that the z-score is less than -2.53. We use the Normal Distribution Calculator to find P(z < -2.53) = 0.0057

Interpret results. Since the P-value (0.0057) is less than the significance level (0.05), we have to reject the null hypothesis.

From the above test we have sufficient evidence in the favor of the claim that automatic cars are more common than manual cars.

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