About the dataset: Elmo: brain-building or brain-draining? The television series

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About the dataset:
Elmo: brain-building or brain-draining?

The television series Sesame Street is concerned mainly with teaching preschool skills to children age 3-5, with special emphasis on reaching economically disadvantaged children. The show is designed to hold young childrens' attention through action oriented, short duration presentations teaching specific preschool cognitive skills and some social skills. Each show is one hour and involves much repetition of concepts within and across shows.

Does Sesame Street help economically disadvantaged children 'catch-up' with economically advantaged children? In the early 1970s, researchers at Educational Testing Service (the company that runs the SAT) ran a study to evaluate Sesame Street. The researchers sampled children representative of economically advantaged and disadvantaged populations from five different sites in the United States. The children were tested on a variety of cognitive variables, including knowledge of body parts, knowledge about letters, knowledge about numbers, etc., both before and after viewing the series.*

A sample of the data used to evaluate the impact of Sesame Street is available in the file “Lab2.Sesame.sav” on Blackboard posted along with this assignment. The names of variables are shown in the code book on the last page of this assignment.

(*Note: Description courtesy of Jerry Reiter, stats professor at Duke University & modified from Jennifer Hill’s Causal Inference class at NYU)

Open the dataset, “Lab2.Sesame.sav”

How many variables are in the dataset? ______
How many cases are in the dataset? ______

For following questions you will be asked to conduct a hypothesis test analysis in SPSS. You must decide whether the situation fits a one sample t-test, independent samples t-test or a paired-sample t-test.

A researcher is not sure if the sample is representative of the entire population of pre-school students in the US in terms of their PPVT scores (peabody variable). Run a test to see if the sample in the dataset is representative of the population of pre-school students in the US (µ = 49, please note this is not really the population mean, it was made up for the purpose of this assignment only!).

Copy and paste the output of the test results into your assignment write-up document, state the descriptives of the sample (mean, standard deviation, standard error) as well as the critical t-value, and answer/complete the following:
What kind of t-test did you choose to run and why?
aState the null and alternative hypothesis for the t-test you ran.
Write an APA style conclusion (~2 sentences) whether the test was significant, and include the t-statistic that was calculated, df, p-level, and 95% confidence interval.

Perform two hypothesis tests, one for the regular=1 (treatment) group and one for the regular = 0 (control) group, for the pre-test/post-test variables prenumb and postnumb. To do the analysis by group, go to Data Split File click on “organize output by groups” and place the grouping variable in the box.

Copy and paste your output into your word document, state the descriptives of the two samples for both variables (mean, standard deviation, standard error), and then answer the following:
What kind of t-test(s) was(/were) used for this analysis? Why?
Describe the descriptives for the samples (means, standard deviations, standard error and the mean differences)
State the null and alternative hypotheses.
Write an APA style conclusion with 2-4 sentences. Include the t-statistics, and whether the mean differences are significant or not (state p-level and df.) and the 95% CI’s for each t-test that you ran.

Conduct a hypothesis test for the regular =1 vs. regular = 0 (consider it “treatment” vs. “control” group) for the post-test variable postlet.
Copy and paste the output from this test into your document, and answer the following:
How many participants are in each sample group?
What kind of t-test did you choose to run? Why?
State the means of each group for postlet and their respective standard deviations and standard errors as well as the mean difference.
State the null and alternative hypothesis and state the critical t* value ( = .05; two-tail test).
According to Levene’s test for Equality of Variances – can you assume the treatment vs. control group have equal variances for the postlet scores? Explain why or why not. Discuss which row you should look at for the correct test statistics in the output.
Write an APA style conclusion including the t-statistic, df, and 95% confidence interval.

Make sure you have answered all questions on a separate document, and have included any output asked for and the graphs. HAND IN ONE DOCUMENT ONLY – no dataset, no output file, no syntax. Everyone is responsible for handing in their own work and using their own words, even if you worked with others on the assignment.

Codebook with variable names for Sesame Street data

id : subject identification number

gender: male=1, female=0

regular: frequency of viewing: 0=rarely watched the show (control), 1= watched once/week or greater (treatment)

prebody : pretest on knowledge of body parts (range of scores: 0-32)

prelet : pretest on letters (range of scores: 0-58)

prenumb : pretest on numbers (range of scores: 0-54)

postbody : posttest on knowledge of body parts (range of scores: 0-32)

postlet : posttest on letters (range of scores: 0-58)

postnumb : posttest on numbers (range of scores: 0-54)

I couldn't upload the SPSS. Please just asnwer the questions

Thank you

Explanation / Answer

How many variables are in the dataset? ______

You must open the file in spss and goto the variable tab , this would give the list of the variables included in the dataset

How many cases are in the dataset? ______

This is basically the total number of records in the dataset. Simply open the data file and browse to the end , the last record will have a rowid that would indicate the number of records in the data file

How many participants are in each sample group?

we simply goto

To open the Compare Means procedure, click Analyze > Compare Means > Means.

The dependent list would have the continous variable and the independent list would have the categorical variable.

Run the procedure The output would generate the needed summary stats including the counts in each group

What kind of t-test did you choose to run? Why?

We would choose a 2 sample independent test , as the samples are independent and do not depent on one another

State the means of each group for postlet and their respective standard deviations and standard errors as well as the mean difference.

Run the procedure The output would generate the needed summary stats including the counts in each group

State the null and alternative hypothesis and state the critical t* value ( = .05; two-tail test).

The null hypothesis

Ho : There is no difference in the mean postlet values of the 2 groups

H1 : There is a significant difference in the mean postlet values of the 2 groups

If the p value of the test is less than 0.05 , then we reject the null hypothesis else we fail to reject the null hypothesis

Please note that we can answer only 4 subparts of a question at a time.

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