egg for insertion of human dna for the clonal production of human stem cells. So

Question

egg for insertion of human dna for the clonal production of human stem cells. So an experiment was conducted in which unfertilized eggs were obtained from two species (pigs and sheep; 3 individuals of each species) and their nucleus was replaced with the nucleus from one of 12 human donors chosen at random. Four eggs from each individual pig or sheep were harvested and their nuclei removed and replaced with human donor nuclei; two from one human and two from another. After the eggs developed, an embryonic stem cell was obtained from each embryo and the number of mutations in a specific gene sequence was determined. Is there a significant difference in the number of mutations between stem cells derived from pigs vs. sheep? How much variation in the number of mutations can be attributed to differences among humans? [YOU MAY ASSUME THAT ALL ASSUMPTIONS ARE MET FOR THIS QUESTION Please use SPSS if possible. Please state the test you used and include graphs XVJX species Human # Mutations Pig Pig 11 15 12 14 12 F ta -3031-122256568 13-14 4 7 7 80s-1s-14-11 34 D 1-122334-4556677889_9-10-10-11 01 01-1-22 Hd !! C eci vid-1-1-1-1 | ec vi 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3111122223333 sp di Pi Pi Pit Pit Pi Pi Pi-zi Pi She-She-Sh She-Sha Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh

Explanation / Answer

Please note that we cant provide solutions using paid softwares such as SPSS. However we shall conduct an analysis using

# read the data into R dataframe
data.df<- read.csv("C:\Users\586645\Downloads\Chegg\pig.csv",header=TRUE)
str(data.df)

pig<-data.df[which(data.df$Species=="Pig"),]
sheep<-data.df[which(data.df$Species=="Sheep"),]

## t test
t.test(pig$Mutations,sheep$Mutations)

## anova for the human donor considering them as factors
data.df$Human.Donor<- as.factor(data.df$Human.Donor)

a<- aov(lm(Mutations ~ Species*Human.Donor,data=data.df))
summary(a)

The results are

> t.test(pig$Mutations,sheep$Mutations)

   Welch Two Sample t-test

data: pig$Mutations and sheep$Mutations
t = -5.4745, df = 17.414, p-value = 3.779e-05 ## as the p value is less than 0.05 , hence the results are signifcant and we can conclude that there is difference in mutation counts of sheeps and pigs that are statistically signifcant too

alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-8.769740 -3.896927
sample estimates:
mean of x mean of y
3.500000 9.833333

summary(a)
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
Species 1 240.67 240.67 28.88 0.000167 ***
Human.Donor 10 76.67 7.67 0.92 0.546111 ### Human donor variations are not signifcant as the p value is greater than 0.05
Residuals 12 100.00 8.33   
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1

Hope this helps !!

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