Use the method presented in this section to construct argu- ment patterns. If a

Question

Use the method presented in this section to construct argu- ment patterns. If a statement is redundant or plays no role in the argument, do not include it in the pattern. IDentify the premises and conclusion/conclusions. Label which premise(s) support which conclusion and if they support them independently/conjointly.

??1 There are lots of problems with the U.S. airline system, but ??2 deregula- tion isn’t one of them. ??3 Airline deregulation has delivered most of what it promised when enacted in 1978. ??4 It has held down fares, ??5 increased competition,??6 and raised the industry’s efficiency. ??7 Despite claims to the contrary, airline safety has not suffered. And, ??8 with some exceptions, ser- vice to some cities and towns has improved. ??9 On average, fares are lower today than in 1980. ??10 Morrison and Winston estimate that fares are 20% to 30% below what they would be under regulation. ??1 1 Competition has increased because ??1 2 prior to deregulation airlines had protected routes. ??1 3 After deregulation this changed. ??14 Efficiency has also improved. ??15 After deregulation the percentage of occupied seats jumped by 10% and miles trav- eled by 32%. ??1 6 Despite fears that airlines would cut unprofitable service to small communities, most smaller cities and towns experienced a 20% to 30% increase in flight frequency. Lastly, ??1 7 travel on U.S. airlines remains among thesafestformsoftransportation.??18 .Between1975and1985,deathsresult- ing from crashes totaled fewer than 3000.

(Robert J. Samuelson, “Let’s Not Regula

Explanation / Answer

Premises:

1) On average, fares are 20% to 30% lower today than in 1980 under deregulation, than what they would be under regulation.

3) Competition has increased because prior to deregulation airlines had protected routes. After deregulation this changed.

4) Efficiency has also improved, as after the deregulation the percentage of occupied seats jumped by 10% and miles travelled by 32%.

5) Most smaller cities and towns experienced a 20% to 30% increase in flight frequency after deregulation.

6) Travel on U.S. airlines remains among the safest forms of transportation even after deregulation. Between 1975 and 1985, deaths resulting from crashes totaled fewer than 3000.

Conclusion:

1) Deregulation is not a problem for the U.S. airline system.

2) Airline deregulation has held down fares, increased competition and raised the industry’s efficiency.

3) Airline safety has not suffered due to deregulation.

4) With some exceptions, service to some cities and towns has improved after deregulation.

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