Refer to Example 12.7.2. Toschke et al. (A-17). who collected data on obesity st

Question

Refer to Example 12.7.2. Toschke et al. (A-17). who collected data on obesity status of children ages 5-6 years and the smoking status of the mother during the pregnancy, also reported on another outcome variable: whether the child was horn premature (37 weeks or fewer of gestation). The following table summarizes the results of this aspect of the study. The same risk factor (smoking during pregnancy) is considered, but a case is now defined as a mother who gave birth prematurely. Compute the odds ratio to determine if smoking throughout pregnancy is related to premature birth. Use the chi-square test of independence to determine if one may conclude that there is an association between smoking throughout pregnancy and premature birth. Let alpha = .05.

Explanation / Answer

Odds ratio = ad/(bc) = (36*3396)/ (370*168) = 1.9668

Ho: There is no association between smoking throughout pregnency and premature birth.

H1: There is an association between smoking throughout pregnency and premature birth.

The Statcrunch output for chi - square test of independence is:

Contingency table results:
Rows: Smoking status during pregnency
Columns: None

Chi-Square test:

0.0003

Since p - value is less than alpha (= 0.05), we reject the null hypothesis. Hence,

There is enough evidence to conclude that there is an association between smoking throughout pregnency and premature birth.

Cases Non - Cases Total smoking thrughout 36 370 406 never smoked 168 3396 3564 Total 204 3766 3970

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