[Essay Questions] Please answer the following 3 questions individually. (1) Refe
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Question
[Essay Questions] Please answer the following 3 questions individually.
(1) Reference the two data sets for participant A and the global data graph in regards to the Visual Search Experiment. Describe the classic results of the experiment (i.e. in what conditions do people do better, worse, etc.), and explain how the participant A's data conform or do not conform to that pattern. Make sure you include a separate comparison of 1) the condition (presence or absence of the green circle) and 2) number of distractors. Explain why you think overall reaction time is different for the different experimental situations.
(2) There is a toy chest at your doctor’s office with items for kids to play with while they are in the waiting room. The toy chest has blue and red marbles and green and yellow blocks in it. You notice that one of the children in the office has some of his/her own marbles and drops two of them into the toy chest. You go over to help the child find them and are told that you are looking for a green marble and a black marble. Which of the marbles will be most difficult to find? Why?
(3) Visual search is a process we use many times throughout the day. Go back through your day and identify a few of the instances in which you had to employ a visual search process. For each of the instances you identified in advanced question two, identify the features of your target and categorize them as unique to the target or shared by the distractors. How many distractors were there? How long did your search take and was this search time consistent or inconsistent with the predictions of visual search?
[Visual Search Experiment]
On each trial, circles and squares of various colors were shown on the screen. The participant's task was to determine whether or not there was a green circle among the shapes.
For the first set of trials (feature search), the other distractor shapes were all blue. For the other set of trials (conjunctive search), some of the other shapes were blue circles and others were green squares.
The independent variables in this experiment were (1) the type of search (feature or conjunctive), the number of distractor shapes, and whether the target is present or absent. The dependent variable was the response time between the appearance of the stimuli and your response.
What do we predict participants will do? Why?
The results are broken down by the type of search and whether the target was present or absent. For feature searches, the response time should not change as the number of distractor shapes increases. This should be true both for when the target is in the frame ("Feature, Present") and for when the target is not in the frame ("Feature, Absent"). For conjunctive searches, the response time should increase as the number of distractor shapes increases. For the conjunctive searches, the rate of increase should be faster when no target is in the frame ("Conjunction, Absent") than when the target is in the frame ("Conjunction, Present").
The pattern of results for the conjunctive searches is consistent with the idea that attentional focus is moved around from shape to shape. Each focus on a shape takes time to judge whether it is the target or not. This explains why search time increases with the number of distractor shapes. If the target is found, the search stops. On the other hand, if the target is not present, you must search all the shapes. This explains why the target-absent trials take longer than the target-present trials.
The pattern of results for the feature searches suggests that there is little need for movement of attention from shape to shape. Instead, the properties of the target are able to quickly draw attention to the target (e.g., because it is the only green item).
[Results]
Participant A
The plot shows how reaction time varied with the number of distractors. Different lines are for different types of searches and whether the target was present or not. The expected result is that for both feature searches, the reaction time does not vary much as the number of distractors increases. For conjunctive searches both lines should increase with the number of distractors. The conjunctive-absent searches should increase twice as fast as the conjunctive-present searches.
[Global Data]
The plot shows how reaction time varied with the number of distractors. Different lines are for different types of searches and whether the target was present or not. The expected result is that for both feature searches, the reaction time does not vary much as the number of distractors increases. For conjunctive searches both lines should increase with the number of distractors. The conjunctive-absent searches should increase twice as fast as the conjunctive-present searches.
Means based on data from 36908 participants.
Number of Distractors Feature, Present Feature, Absent Conjunction, Present Conjunction, Absent 4 774.400 715.400 791.600 866.600 16 599.200 684.400 1131.800 1222.000 32 593.400 816.200 1165.000 1763.800 64 657.000 629.600 1517.200 2235.600 2500 Feature Present Feature Absent Conjunction Present 2000 Conjunction Absent 1500 1000 500 20 10 30 Number of Distractors 50 60 70Explanation / Answer
(2) There is a toy chest at your doctor’s office with items for kids to play with while they are in the waiting room. The toy chest has blue and red marbles and green and yellow blocks in it. You notice that one of the children in the office has some of his/her own marbles and drops two of them into the toy chest. You go over to help the child find them and are told that you are looking for a green marble and a black marble. Which of the marbles will be most difficult to find? Why?
Ans : The green marble will be most difficullt to find because it shares each of its features with at least one of the other items in the toy chest.
The black marble will be easy to find because it has a unique color and will pop out amongst the other items in the chest
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