Suppose two researchers wanted to determine if aspirin reduced the chance of a h

Question

Suppose two researchers wanted to determine if aspirin reduced the chance of a heart attack. Researcher 1 studied the medical records of 500 patients. For each patient, he recorded whether the person took aspirin every day and if the person had ever had a heart attack. Then he reported the percentage of heart attacks for the patients who took aspirin every day and for those who did not take aspirin every day. Researcher 2 also studied 500 people. He randomly assigned half (250) of the patients to take aspirin every day and the other half to take a placebo everyday then after a certain length of time he reported the percentage of heart attacks for the patients who took aspirin every day and for those who did not take aspirin every day. Suppose that both researchers found that there is a statistically significant difference in the heart attack rates for the aspirin users and the non-aspirin users and that aspirin users had a lower rate of heart attacks. Can both researchers conclude that aspirin caused the results? Select the best answer from below: (a) Yes, because aspirin users had a lower heart attack rate in both studies. (b) Yes, because aspirin is known to reduce heart attacks. (c) No, only researcher 1 can conclude this. (d) No, only researcher 2 can conclude this.

Explanation / Answer

d) no, only researcher 2 can conclude this.
because he divided 2 equal groups and checked the outcome.

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