MY original data: Let\'s pretend the M&Ms represent beetles. While you were out
ID: 3201402 • Letter: M
Question
MY original data:
Let's pretend the M&Ms represent beetles.
While you were out and about one day, you observed a beetle species that you had never seen before. Being a good entomologist and naturalist, you collected the individual and brought it back to the lab. Once there, you consulted an identification guide and learned that this beetle belongs to the species Mandm plain. You decided to search for more specimens where you found the first one, and discovered an entire population of them! By using your keen insect collecting skills, you managed to capture most of the population and bring them back to the lab the M&Ms in the two bags represent one population).
Next, you conducted a literature search to see if any researchers had published peer-reviewed science about these beetles and you found out that…
Mandm plain were recently recorded in Florida. It is likely that they were introduced to Florida from western Africa. Several different color morphs such as blue, green, yellow, orange, brown, and red have been recorded co-occurring within single populations. It is not clear why these different color morphs occur.
Now, you know a little bit about coloration in insects. For example, you know that coloration can function as a warning signal to predators of distastefulness or toxicity. Coloration can help camouflage insects, or even function in mate advertisement. You also know that coloration can also be sexually dimorphic: males and females may differ in brightness, color, or pattern. And that coloration may even be influenced by diet and other ecological factors, as well as by genes.
You have observed the distribution of colors in your beetle population and based on this information and your knowledge of coloration, you think you have figured out why the beetles in your population have the colors that they have and, as a result, you have formed a hypothesis about it. But before you go spending money on a study to see if your hypothesis is supported or not, you want to see if that same distribution is seen across multiple populations. And so, you decide to conduct a preliminary study on color distribution.
To do this, you are going to need more beetles (i.e. a bigger sample size). So you enlist help from your colleagues (your classmates) to find more beetles. They respond to your call and send in their information which can be seen in the excel spreadsheet associated with this assignment.
Using the data from your colleagues (provided on top), I have generated a histogram. The histogram gives you a visual sense of whether the frequency of individuals in each color morph differs, across populations.
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I have also included the summary statistics to help you in your analysis of the data. The numbers you see in the excel spreadsheet represent the mean/average number of individuals of each color morph, across all populations. The standard deviation is an estimate of how much variation there is in your dataset. How do these numbers compare to you original population? If the numbers match your initial distribution, how does that affect your hypothesis about the reason behind the coloration? If the numbers do not match your initial distribution, how does that affect your hypothesis about the reason behind the coloration?
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS :
Initial observations:
In the picture/data given my results where it says natasha
Did your population match with what was published in the literature?
In the population you sampled, was there a dominant color morph or color morphs and if so, what was it or what were they?
Based on what you observed in your own population, what do you think accounts for the different colors or the dominant color (i.e. this is your hypothesis) and what is the reasoning for your hypothesis? For example - I propose that the reason that brown is the dominant colormorph in my population is because….. you need to provide an answer to this last part.
Prediction(s) :
In this section, please note the following:
4. Based on your hypothesis (which is based on your color distributions), what would you expect to see when you look at the entire class data and why would you expect to see that?
Data Collection and Analysis :
In this section, please note the following:
5. How large your sample size was in the beginning and how large your sample size is now when you include the data collected by your colleagues
6. Is this a manipulative or observational experiment? Explain your reasoning for this answer.
Discussion/Conclusions :
In this section, please note the following:
Were your initial observations consistent with those from your colleagues (i.e. did the distributions match?)
If they matched, what does this indicate about your hypothesis which was based on the color distribution of your initial population?
If they did not match, what does that indicate about your hypothesis which was based on the color distribution of your initial population?
If your hypothesis was supported due to the color distribution over all the populations and you had funding to conduct a manipulative experiment to test this hypothesis, what would you do to test it? How would you set up your next experiment?
If your hypothesis was not supported due to the color distribution over all the populations, what is your new hypothesis?
If you had funding to conduct a manipulative experiment to test this new hypothesis, what would you do to test it? How would you set up your next experiment?
Reflection and Expansion:
In this section, please note the following:
What did you learn from this assignment?
Why was exploring the distribution of colors in many the populations important to your hypothesis in the first place?
If you were to conduct this activity in your class, how would you improve the learning experience? What would you change and why would you change it? Provide specific examples and directions.
Insert otam Page Layout Formulas Dua Review Vien Telmewhat you want to do Normal Bad Good Neutral Merge & Center Yellow Brown total Red oranc 19 Kristina 22 21 18 113 2B Natasha 10 Cassia 10 21 13 110 Carlos 21 75 21 1A 11 110 14 Nadia e4 21 15 105 arap 23 17 21 16 MA 115 Color Distribution across all populations (class average) 20l Lathan H 11 za 21 21 31 10 11 13 5 20 Number of lkim 224 15 113 Noah 11 15 25 13 21 106 Laxy 220 21 15 11 116 L Ashleici-Marie 16 19 Courtney 19 Charlie 11 33 16 13 11 119 Ashley 15 11 27 18 12 113 Ruel data entry n thingExplanation / Answer
The literature is not given for comparison
In the population you sampled, was there a dominant color morph or color morphs and if so, what was it or what were they?
Based on the first graph , we see that the number of individuals present in the black color is the highest . hence this is the dominant color morph . This is followed by green and orange
If they matched, what does this indicate about your hypothesis which was based on the color distribution of your initial population?
It is not given in the question what data was selected , however we can formulate our hypothesis as
Ho : There is no difference in the mean values of the colors
H1 : There is a signifcant difference in the mean values of atleast 2 colors
We can conduct a 1 way anova here , at an alpha of 0.05 . So if the p value is less than 0.05 we reject the null hypothesis or else we fail to reject the null hypothesis
So if the results match , we can conclude that the results obtained for the sample are true for the population as well
If they did not match, what does that indicate about your hypothesis which was based on the color distribution of your initial population?
However on the contrary if the results of the hypothesis of the sample do not match with that of the population then we cant conclude that the sample results are conclusive for the population as well
If your hypothesis was supported due to the color distribution over all the populations and you had funding to conduct a manipulative experiment to test this hypothesis, what would you do to test it? How would you set up your next experiment?
If the hypothesis is supported then we shall perform an omnibus anova analysis and if the results of the test are signifcant then we can conduct a tukeyhsd test to conclude which color distributions are different.
The tukey hsd test would infact give us the exact pairwise groups that are significantly different or not .
Kindly note we can only answer 4 subparts of a question , as per the answering guidelines
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