5. Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale fo
ID: 3200841 • Letter: 5
Question
5. Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer.
6. What is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain measured with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups? Was this null hypothesis accepted or rejected in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
7. Should a Bonferroni procedure be conducted in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Introduction Canbulat and colleagues (2015, p. 33) conducted an experimental study to determine the effects of external cold and vibration stimulation via Buzzy on the pain and anxiety levels of children during peripheral intravenous (TV) cannulation." Buzzy is an 8 x 5 x 2.5 cm battery-operated device for delivering external cold and vibration, which resembles a bee in shape and coloring and has a smiling face. A total of 176 children between the ages of 7 and 12 years who had never had an IV insertion before were recruited and randomly assigned into the equally sized intervention and control groups. During IV insertion, "the control group received no treatment. The intervention group received external cold and vibration stimulation via Bu Buzzy was administered about 5 cm above the application area just before the procedure, and the vibration continued until the end of the procedure" (Canbulat et al., 2015, p. 36). Canbulat et al. (2015, pp. 37-38) concluded that "the application of external cold and vibration stimulation were effective in relieving pain and anxiety in chil dren during peripheral IV" insertion and were "quick-acting and effective nonpharmacolog cal measures for pain reduction." The researchers concluded that the Buzzy intervention is inexpensive and can be easily implemented in clinical practice with a pediatric population. Relevant Study Results The level of significance for this study was set at o 0.05. "There were no differences between the two groups in terms of age, sex lgender, BMI, and preprocedural anxiety according to the self, the parents, and the observer's reports (p 0.05) (Table 1). When the pain and anxiety levels were compared with an independent samples t the children in the external cold and vibration stimulation [intervention] group had signifi cantly lower pain levels than the control group according to their self-reports (both WBFC [Wong Baker Faces Scale and VAS Visual analog scale scores; p 0.001) (Table 2). The external cold and vibration stimulation group had significantly lower fear and anxietyExplanation / Answer
Answer:
5. Are the groups in this study independent or dependent? Provide a rationale for your answer.
The groups in this study are independent. The 176 children were randomly assigned into either of the two groups.
6. What is the null hypothesis for procedural self-reported pain measured with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups? Was this null hypothesis accepted or rejected in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Ho: There is no mean difference between the control and Buzzy groups.
Calculated t= -0.364, P=0.716 which is > 0.05 level of significance.
The null hypothesis is not rejected.
7. Should a Bonferroni procedure be conducted in this study? Provide a rationale for your answer.
Three t tests are used to compare the two groups for procedural self-reported pain measured with the Wong Baker Faces Scale (WBFS) for the two groups. The three tests are used for comparing the common aspect of preprocedural anxiety. To control the Type I error, Bonferroni procedure should be conducted.
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