97. Obtain the areas of the 254 counties in Texas via a link to a Texas census r

Question

97. Obtain the areas of the 254 counties in Texas via a link to a Texas census report at www.pearsonhighered.com/ rufus.

Copy and paste this data into an Excel spreadsheet, then perform the following tasks.

Extract the first digit from the data series using the LEFT function.

Complete the Absolute Frequency and Relative Frequency columns in the following table: (Note: Use the COUNT IF function for Absolute Frequency.)

Graph Relative Frequency and Benford Fre- quency on a single line graph.

Evaluate the graph to determine whether the data set conforms to Benford’s Law.

Is it not reasonable to expect the areas of the counties in Texas to follow Benford’s Law? Why or why not?

Transforming Data into Evidence: Analyzing Large Data Sets

Digit

Absolute Frequency

Relative Frequency

Benford Frequency

1

.301

2

.176

3

.125

4

.097

5

.079

6

.067

7

.058

8

.051

9

.046

Digit

Absolute Frequency

Relative Frequency

Benford Frequency

1

.301

2

.176

3

.125

4

.097

5

.079

6

.067

7

.058

8

.051

9

.046

Explanation / Answer

After copy and pasting data in excel sheet,

our aim is to find Absolute Frequency and Relative Frequency.

Absolute frequency: number of times that a value appears.

for this in excel

step 1 : first selet the entire column and paste it in another column.

step 2: now select the pasted column and remove the duplicates .

To remove the duplicates selcet the entire column and in the "menu" bar go to the "data" option

and click on "remove duplicates". and two pop up screens appear click " ok "

now this create that column with unique values.

step 3: on the next column of the unique elements we need to find frequency.

for this let suppose we have data in A column ,

B column containes unique values( where we remove duplicates).

so, now in C column on opposite to first value in B column write formula

" =COUNTIF(A:A,B2) "

and drag this till the last value of the B column

so now in C column we have absolute frequency.

Relative frequency: the result of dividing the absolute frequency of a certain value by the total number of data

to find this in excel

step1: next to the C column so in D column write a formula

" =C2/A:A "

Drag till the last value of the C column

so , now you have D column filled with relativve frequency.

....Graph Relative Frequency and Benford Fre- quency on a single line graph.

for this first paste benford frequency in the E column and then

select D and E column data and select insert in menu bar

then click on line graph .

this will display line graph.

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