The following questions are about Type I and Type II errors. For each question d
ID: 3178203 • Letter: T
Question
The following questions are about Type I and Type II errors. For each question discuss the relative costs of making each type of error.
a. Security vulnerabilities are an important consideration in the task of keeping all computer data safe, while maintaining access to that data for appropriate users. What kind of error is it when a security system is too sensitive, routinely finding authorized users as imposters? What about when the security system is not sensitive enough? Give your opinion about the relative costs of these errors when the data being protected are sensitive medical information.
b. A person stands trial for a serious crime. Describe and evaluate the relative costs of making Type I and II errors. From a societal perspective which error is more costly?
c. A sober person fails a blood alcohol test. What type of error has been committed and what are the costs of this error? Would you prefer that police were more likely to make Type I or II errors in this situation.
d. Describe the relative costs of Type I and II errors related to a medical test developed to detect in-fection. Does your evaluation of the relative costs change if 1) you are the person receiving the test, and 2) if you were in charge of containing medical testing costs?
e. A person suspects that a friend is spreading gossip about them to others. To evaluate this, create a 2X2 table showing the two possible states of reality on one axis and the two possible decisions on the other axis. Label the cells that represent type I and II error and discuss the relative costs of these errors.
Explanation / Answer
Type I error happens when we reject a true null hypothesis.
Type II error happens when we fail to reject a false null hypothesis.
In this situation type 1 error is that authorised users are identified as imposters which is equivalent to false positives that is though users are authorised but still the system is identify them as imposters.
When the system is not sensitive enough,it is bound to identify most of the imposters users as authorised users ,which is type 2 error in that case which is equivalent to true negatives.
Comparing in either case the relative costs of error will be high for the type 2 error where the false information is considered as true and medical information can be exposed to imposters which can altered the information which can eventually make the medical data useless for the organization.
b. A person stands trial for a serious crime. Describe and evaluate the relative costs of making Type I and II errors. From a societal perspective which error is more costly?
Type 1 error-person is innocent but convicted as criminal
Type 2 error-person is a criminal but is not convicted
Form social perspective the cost of error for type 2 error is more since a criminal who is not charged guilty and left free in society can do more serious crimes and is a threat to society and safety.
Type 2 error has been committedand the cost of error is high since it can lead to failure of detection of the drunked peoplewhich can be a threat to the safety concern on roads,
The police were more likely to make type 2 error which is the test fails to indetify the alcoholic person and passes him/them as sober.
TYPE 1 ERROR – HEALTHY PERSON IS TESTED AS INFECTED
TYPE 2 ERROR – INFECTED PERSON IS TESTED AS HEALTHY
TRUE FALSE
PERSON is actually spreading gossips
Person is gossiping but is tested as innocent(type 1 error)
Person is not gossiping but tested as he Is gossiping (type 2 error)
Person is not gossiping but tested as
He is spreading gossips
TRUE
FALSE
PERSON is actually spreading gossips
Person is gossiping but is tested as innocent(type 1 error)
Person is not gossiping but tested as he Is gossiping (type 2 error)
Person is not gossiping but tested as
He is spreading gossips
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