3. Callabas (2009) demonstrated that Tai Chi can significantly increase memory i
ID: 3174030 • Letter: 3
Question
3. Callabas (2009) demonstrated that Tai Chi can significantly increase memory in older adults. Participants were 60 years old and older with normal age-related cognitive impairment. Memory (the number of errors in list-learning) was measured at the beginning of an 8-week Tai Chi course and again at the end
Participant
Pre-test
Post-test
A
2
3
B
5
5
C
0
0
D
7
8
E
4
9
F
7
7
G
6
5
H
4
2
I
9
10
J
6
11
K
3
8
L
2
6
M
5
2
N
7
10
mpute the 95% confidence interval for these data.
please show steps
Participant
Pre-test
Post-test
A
2
3
B
5
5
C
0
0
D
7
8
E
4
9
F
7
7
G
6
5
H
4
2
I
9
10
J
6
11
K
3
8
L
2
6
M
5
2
N
7
10
mpute the 95% confidence interval for these data.
please show steps
Explanation / Answer
R- Code:
pre <- c(2,5,0,7,4,7,6,4,9,6,3,2,5,7)
post <- c(3,5,0,8,9,7,5,2,10,11,8,6,2,10)
t.test(pre,post, paired = TRUE, conf.level = 0.95)
Output:
Paired t-test
data: pre and post
t = -1.917, df = 13, p-value = 0.07748
alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
-2.886552 0.172266
sample estimates:
mean of the differences
-1.357143
The confidence interval is therefore (-2.886552 , 0.172266)
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