6. Identify the statistical procedure that should be used to analyze the data fr

Question

6. Identify the statistical procedure that should be used to analyze the data from each of the following studies: a) A study that investigates whether men or women (age 16 to 20) spend more money on clothing. Assume the amount of money spent is normally distributed. Two group unpaired test b) A study that investigates whether students perform better in a class that uses group learning exercises versus a class that uses the traditional lecture method. Two classes that learn the same information are selected. Performance on a 50-item final exam at the end of the semester is measured. Chi-squared c) In the (b) study above, researchers instead decide to use the same participants in both conditions. Thus, group learning exercises are used for half of the semester and traditional lectures for the other half of the semester. These two procedures are counterbalanced across students to avoid design flaws. As in the (b) study above, performance on a 50-item final exam is measured.

Explanation / Answer

(a) Unpaired two-sample t-tests or independent sample t-test with between subjects design - This test is used when two separate sets of independent and identically distributed samples are obtained, one from each of the two populations being compared. Here the men and women are independent samples. These types of t-tests are used to compare groups of participants that are not related in any way.

(b) Paired two-sample t-tests with matched subjects designs - Different subjects are used in different conditions but for each subject in one group there is a matched subject in another group. For each students in a class that uses group learning exercises, there is a matched students in a class that uses traditional lecture method.

(c) Paired two-sample t-tests with repeated measures design or within subjects design - Participants in the first group are the same as participants in the second group.The samples are dependent as we collected two measurements on same students twice, one for group learning exercises and then for traditional lectures. Paired samples t-tests typically consist of a sample of matched pairs of similar units, or one group of units that has been tested twice.

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