TRUE OR FALSE QUESTIONS 1- Bacterial ma6ng (or conjuga6on) is a bidirec6onal pro
ID: 3166231 • Letter: T
Question
TRUE OR FALSE QUESTIONS
1- Bacterial ma6ng (or conjuga6on) is a bidirec6onal process where nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) are transferred between two cells.
2- Most plasmids are circular rather than linear.
3- A plasmid is all the gene6c material present in a virus.
4- A polymerase chain reac6on (PCR) amplifies a specific DNA sequence up to a billion-fold.
5- In discussing the control of enzyme transcrip6on, it is essen6al to consider the cell's environment.
6- Proteins are needed in the cell at about the same level under all growth condi6ons.
7- In catabolic repression, cells use the least abundant carbon source first.
8- The genome of a temperate phage can replicate along with the host genome during lysogeny.
9- Intercala6ng agents, like acridine orange and ethidium bromide, lead to mutagenesis by pushing DNA base pairs apart, which can lead to inser6ons or dele6ons.
10- A typical muta6on rate for a bacterium is in the range of 10-6 to 10-7 per kbp.
11- The following gene cloning steps are sufficient to result in transformants with different cloned genes: Cut up chromosomal DNA with a restric6on enzyme, add vector that is cut with the same enzyme, and introduce this mixture into an E coli host.
12- It is s6ll not possible today to create a synthe6c bacterial genome.
13- Compara6ve genomics helps us to understand evolu6onary rela6onships between organisms.
14- Modifica6on enzymes typically methylate specific bases within the recogni6on sequence to prevent diges6on of the nucleo6de sequence by restric6on endonucleases.
15- When one talks about the genome of a bacterium, one refers only to its chromosome, not its plasmids.
16- The cost of sequencing (in $/kb) has gone up since Sanger methods have been replaced by nextgenera6on sequencing methods.
17- A computer program recognizes an ORF by looking for ribosomal binding sites, start codons, and stop codons with an appropriate number of nucleo6des between each element.
18- All methylotrophs are also methanotrophs.
19- During anaerobic respira6on there is no oxida6ve phosphoryla6on
Explanation / Answer
1) False, Bacterial mating or conjugation is a unidirection process in which the donor cell provides a conjugative or mobilizable genetic element that is most often a plasmid or transposon. Unlike sexual reproduction, no fusion of gametes is involved in conjugation. It is a method of horizontal gene transfer similar to transduction and trandformation.
2) True, A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found as small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules in bacteria. Plasmids are generally circular, with a few exceptions where it is linear. Linear plasmids require specialized mechanisms to replicate their ends.
3) False, Plasmid is the extrachromosomal genetic material generally present in bacteria, not viruses. Viruses may have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material, either in double stranded form or single stranded form.
4) True, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to billions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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