24. Refer to the table below containing data on the effects of a symbiosis betwe

Question

24. Refer to the table below containing data on the effects of a symbiosis between a fly (host) and a fungus over ose many years. The table shows a range for the effects of the association [(lower bound, upper bound itive numbers denote net benefits and negative numbers denote net costs. (If zero is between the upper and lower bounds, the effect is statistically indistinguishable from o.) and mor Year Effect on fungus Effect on fly 1990 (47,63) (-9,-2 Palina ted (54,70)8,-3) 1993 1996 1999 2002 (55, 71) (52, 671 49,64)(3.15) (8, 22) (1) According to the table, what type of interaction did the fungus and fly have in 1990? a. b. (1) What type of relationship did these species have in 2002? (2) Propose an evolutionary explanation for the shift seen in this interaction. (Think about the costs and benefits to each participant.) Fvolutionery cspanotion- as ine fonsps starres to hawe hegitive cheets on the fty ouer time it be came acostam and afer tars of acuelopnen t Nitn tre,1?147, unus and fty mcy 14-2602 to b 25. (2) Define the Competitive Exclusion Principle, including the conditions under which it acts. Posive and the fty

Explanation / Answer

A shift from parasitism to mutualism is caused when the host gained a control on the effects that are implicated on it by the parasite. Initially here the fungal has caused negative effects on the fly which shows that it is parasitic . This parasitic effcets caused by the fungus exploits all necessary things from the fly which makes the fly vulnerable . In due course of time , the fly learns to gain control of its products such that the fungus is unable to exploit the resourses of the fly. The cost implicted on the fly became less in progressing years. From 1999 and 2000 the fly and the fungus became mutually helpful to eachother and thereby parasitism is shifted to mutualism.

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