11) i) A pied kingfisher in its first year of life helps in the feeding of three
ID: 3165771 • Letter: 1
Question
11) i) A pied kingfisher in its first year of life helps in the feeding of three full siblings who would not have made it without the helper's efforts. What is its indirect fitness in its first year?
A) 0.25
B) 0.50
C) 0.75
D) 1.00
E) 1.50
Answer: E (Please Show how to get to final answer along with relevant formulas)
ii) In the second year of its life a pied kingfisher mates and raises two of its own offspring. What is its direct fitness in this second year of its life?
A) 0.50
B) 1.00
C) 1.50
D) 2.00
E) None of the above is correct.
Answer: B (Please Show how to get to final answer along with relevant formulas)
iii) A pied kingfisher in its first year of life helps in the feeding of three full siblings who would not have made it without the helper's efforts. In this first year the bird does not raise any of its own offspring. In the second year of its life the pied kingfisher mates and raises two of its own offspring. After the first two years what is the inclusive fitness of the pied kingfisher?
A) 0.75
B) 1.50
C) 2.50
D) 3.00
E) None of the above is correct.
Answer: C (Please Show how to get to final answer along with relevant formulas)
Thank You!
Explanation / Answer
Kin selection is a natural selection which involves the role relatives in fitness and reproduction of an individual. The individual survival and reproduction of offspring is under direct fitness and impact of survival and reproduction of relatives is known as indirect fitness. Relative fitness for direct relatives (siblings and offspring etc.), indirect relatives and non-relatives is 0.5, 0.25 and 0 respectively.
1. Indirect fitness for three siblings (1st year) =3 * 0.5 (fitness for close relatives/ direct relatives like siblings)= 1.5
2. Direct fitness for two offspring (2nd year) =2* 0.5 (fitness for close relatives/ direct relatives like offspring)= 1.0
3. Inclusive fitness of first two years = fitness of first year + fitness of 2nd year
= 1.5 + 1.0 = 2.5
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