Question 2-5 refer to the Phylogenetic Tree. *Question two is in the picture* 3)
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Question 2-5 refer to the Phylogenetic Tree. *Question two is in the picture* 3) The Crenarcheota, Korarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota are three divisions within the Archaea that share a common ancestor. (TRUE/FALSE) 4) Extremophiles live in environments with high temperatures, low pH, or high salt conditions; however hyperthermophiles, acidophiles, and halophiles can also thrive in less extreme environments. (TRUE/FALSE) 5) The ability to produce methane is constrained to Archaea that optimally grow at temperatures ranging from 20-60 degrees Celsius (TRUE/FALSE) Done Chapter 26: Homework Assignment Examine the phylogenetic tree depicted in Figure 26.17 as you address the following questions. 2. The distribution of anaerobic hyperthermophiles suggests the common ancestor to all Archaea thrived in hot environments that lacked oxygen. O true O false Start: 10:58 AMExplanation / Answer
2 - The distribution of anaerobic hyperthermophiles suggests the common ancestor to all Archaea thrived in hot environments that lacked oxygen.
- True.
Hyperthermophilic bacteria and archaea are found within high-temperature environments, representing the upper temperature border of life.
They grow optimally above 80°C and exhibit an upper temperature border of growth up to 113°C.
In their basically anaerobic environments, hyperthermophiles gain energy by inorganic redox reactions employing compounds like molecular hydrogen, carbon dioxide, sulphur and ferric and ferrous iron.
3 - The Crenarcheota, Korarchaeota, and Thaumarchaeota are three divisions within the Archaea that share a common ancestor.
- True.
The ancestors of archaea escaped protoeukaryotic predators by invading high temperature biotopes, triggering their reductive evolution toward the “prokaryotic” phenotype.
Intriguingly, whereas archaea and eukarya share many basic features at the molecular level, the archaeal mobilome resembles more the bacterial than the eukaryotic one.
I suggest that selection of different parts of the ancestral virosphere at the onset of the three domains played a critical role in shaping their respective biology.
Eukarya probably evolved toward complexity with the help of retroviruses and large DNA viruses, whereas similar selection pressure could explain why the archaeal and bacterial mobilomes somehow resemble each other.
4 - Extremophiles live in environments with high temperatures, low pH, or high salt conditions; however hyperthermophiles, acidophiles, and halophiles can also thrive in less extreme environments.
- False.
An extremophile is an organismthat thrives in physically or geochemically extreme conditions that are detrimental to most life on Earth.
Hyperthermophiles live in 110 °C to 121 °C,
Acidophiles live in 0.06 to 1.0 pH,
Helophiles requiring at least 0.2M concentrations of salt (NaCl) for grwoth.
5 - The ability to produce methane is constrained to Archaea that optimally grow at temperatures ranging from 20-60 degrees Celsius.
- False.
Methanogens are microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct in anoxicconditions.
They uniquely belong to the domain of archaea, they are common in wetlands, where they are responsible for marsh gas, and in the digestive tracts of animals such as ruminants and humans, where they are responsible for the methane content of belching in ruminants and flatulence in humans.
They also found a constant metabolism able to repair macromolecular damage, at temperatures of 145 to –40 °C.
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