0 lu aehleve ful se are eomprehensive essay questions, not short answer question
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0 lu aehleve ful se are eomprehensive essay questions, not short answer questions. . Draw and explain Figure 11-14, which is about the lipid bilayer and lipid movement. 2. Define: protein, enzyme, nucleotide, DNA, RNA, unsaturated fatty acid, amino acid (draw one also),lipid bilayer, eukaryotic cell, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, intracellular, extracellular, cell cortex, cytosol, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, multipass transmembrane protein, and glycerol (also draw), hydrogen bond, ion, transcylosis, autophagy 3. Describe and explain in detail the sodium/potassium pump. Include how it functions, what energy is consumed, what the the related potassium leak channels, and what is actually going on with the sodium and potassium levels in the cells. resulting gradient is used for, how quickly it works... Be sure to include the effect on membrane associated electric charge. 4. Describe and explain osmosis. Give examples such as what would happenif What does it mean when I (Charlic) say that cells are like capacitors? What does it mean when I say they are like batteries? (Be sure to clearly define both of these terms and then relate them to cells. Iaclude how cefls get their charge.) 6. Explain the process of "sugaring" of lipids and proteins. Additionally, include where it occurs and how it is that it appears on the outside surface of the cells 7 Describe and explain in detail electrochemical gradients including ex.amples of the movernent of ions. Contrast this with uncharged molecules. Include what such gradients are used for S. Describe and esplain the ATPADP transport across the mitochondrial inner membrane as covered in class and found in the energy-harvesting chapler. Include what powers it. It is found on page Figure 14-18. (antiporv/electrogenic) 9. Both comprehensively and in detail, explain intracellular vesicular traffic and membrane distribution/redistribution within the endomembrane system of eukaryotic cells 10. How do proteins, encoded by genes located in the sucleus, get made. processed, delivered, and transported across the membranes of mitochondria? What determines or directs these prot teins to the mitochondria? Also include all additional relevant information learned from the chapter How, when and where do the transmembrane proteins of the plasma membrane get imbedded into the membrane, and how do they gel to the plasma membrane (their path) 12 What determines if a protein is trafficked to the nucleus? Why do proteins of the same type sometimes get trafficked and ystem including what powers it. Include the information other times simply reside in the cylosol? Descrite the transport s found in figures 15-09 and 15-10 Describe and explained the complete details of the LDL transport system as shown in Figure 15-33 and explained in the sext. Include whatever other information that was discussed in class. What is the constitutive exocytosis pathway? Describe the secretory or regulated exoeytosis pathway, also including the regulation and control of molecular vesicles. Figure 15-35 is one on lysosomes. Draw and describe the anatomy and physiology of a lysosome. Describe and explain the formation, specific packaging, movement and fusion of vesiclesExplanation / Answer
2) brief explanation:
Protein: Protein is a group of large biomolecule which is consists of large building block of amino acids.
Enzyme: Enzyme is a biological catalyst produced by living organism and is specifically bring up biological reaction.
Neucleotide: It is basic structural unit of nucleic acid (DNA & RNA). It has nucleoside linkage to the phosphate group.
DNA & RNA : DNA is deoxyribonucleo acid while RNA is ribonucleic acid . DNA is genetic material and present in all living organism and form main consistant of chromosome and self replicative material. while RNA has ribose sugar and Its main function is to carry the genetic information from DNA as a massenger and involve in synthesis of protein.and self regulative material.
Unsaturated fatty acids: They are hydrocarbon having atleast one double bond in their structure and are present as aliquid at room temperature.
Amino Acid: They are basic structural unit of protein and have one carboxylic and one amino group , both atteched to the same carbon atom.
Lipid bilayer: It is a double or two layer arrangement of lipid and phosphate moleclules . Thin lipid bilayer membrane with hydrophobic lipid molecule facing inward and hydrophillic phospahte facing outward to the lipid molecule.
Eukaryotic cell: eularyotic cell contain clearly defined nucleus surrounded by membrane called nuclear mambrane and its DNA or chromosome bound with protein (histone).
Hydrophobic: Hydrobic substance are non-polar in nature and don't come conatact with water.; water repellent.
Hydrophillic: Hydrophillic substance are polar in nature and like to come to conatact with water.; water attractant.
Intracellular: In biological term intracellular attribute anything inside the cell like fulid inside the cell is called intracellular fuilds.
Extracellular: Extracellular means outside the cell specially outside from the plasma membrane.
Cell cortex: cell cortex is cytoplasmic proteins found attatched with plasma membrane these cytoplasmin cortex proteins called actinomycine cortex and acts as a modulator of plasma membrane behaviour.
Multipass transmembrane proteins: The are hydrobphobic protein that aligned itself inside the plasmembrane and cross the plasma membrane more than once . like GPCR receptor , it is a 7 pass transmembrane protein surpass the membrane 7 times. Proteins having high hydropathy index are called transmembrane proteins.
Cytosol and Cytoplasm: Material or protoplasm inside the cell excluding nucleus is called cell cytoplasm. whereas, all the aqueous suspension where different organnels and proteins are suspended are call cell cytosol.
Hydrogen Bond: It is weak bond formed between hydrogen atom of one molecule and one eletronegative group another molecule.
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