In the ionosphere, the density of ionized electrons increases with height (the l

Question

In the ionosphere, the density of ionized electrons increases with height (the lower atmosphere being blocked from the Sun by the upper layers). Explain why the refraction index n (omega) will decrease with height. If at the bottom n = 1, and a plane radio wave of frequency omega starts to propagate with an initial inclination angle theta_i, with respect to the local vertical, show that it is going to be reflected back downwards if the electron density rises until omega_p = omega cos theta_i, at some height h. Explain, with mathematical detail, how the phenomena of mirages are produced.

Explanation / Answer

Air density has a direct relation with an approximate expression of refractive index.Considering air particles in the Ionosphere n-1 is proportional to the air density. Now Ionosphere is in the height range of 60-1000km above the earth surface. At sea level the air denity is1.2kg/m^3 which decreases with high altitudes and due to direct relation with air density refractive index also decrease with height.

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