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(Table: TV and Aggressiveness) In a fictional study, a pretest-posttest design w

ID: 3158391 • Letter: #

Question

(Table: TV and Aggressiveness) In a fictional study, a pretest-posttest design was used to examine the influence of a television program on children's aggressiveness. The number of aggressive responses was measured during an observation period both before and after the television program.

(a) Determine if there is a difference in the number of aggressive behaviors in children after having viewed the television program, using a 95% confidence interval.
(b) Compute Cohen's d as a measure of effect size and interpret its meaning.

Table: TV and Aggressiveness

Participant

Before

After

1

6

9

2

4

3

3

8

11

4

9

12

5

10

14

6

2

6

7

14

13

(Table: TV and Aggressiveness) In a fictional study, a pretest-posttest design was used to examine the influence of a television program on children's aggressiveness. The number of aggressive responses was measured during an observation period both before and after the television program.

(a) Determine if there is a difference in the number of aggressive behaviors in children after having viewed the television program, using a 95% confidence interval.
(b) Compute Cohen's d as a measure of effect size and interpret its meaning.

Table: TV and Aggressiveness

Participant

Before

After

1

6

9

2

4

3

3

8

11

4

9

12

5

10

14

6

2

6

7

14

13

Explanation / Answer

A.

MeanBefore = 53/7 = 7.571

MeanAfter = 68/7 = 9.714

SDBefore = 3.99

SDAfter = 3.98

Spooled =((3.99^2 + 3.98^2)/2)^0.5 = 3.985

t = (MeanAfter - Mean Before)/Spooled

= 0.537 <t14-2,0.975

Hence we cannot reject at 95% CI that the means differ.

B.

d=(MeanBefore - MeanAfter)/Spooled

= -0.537

This reflects a medium size effect