many years, the medically accepted practice of giving aid to a person experienci
ID: 3154985 • Letter: M
Question
many years, the medically accepted practice of giving aid to a person experiencing a heart attack was to have the For person who placed the emergency call administer chest compression (CC) plus standard mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (MMR) to the heart attack patient until the emergency response team researchers believed that CC alone would be a more effective approach. arrived. However, some In the 1990s a study was conducted in Seattle in which 518 cases were randomly assigned to treatments: 278 to plus standard M MR and 240 to CC alone. A total of 64 patients survived the heart attack: 29 in the group receiving CC plus standard MMR, and 35 in the group receiving CC alone. A test of significance was cou on the following hypotheses. was conducted Ho: The survival rates for the two treatments are equal. H: The treatment that uses CC alone produces a higher survival rate This test resulted in a p-value of 0.0761 (a) Interpret what this p-value measures in the context of this study. (b) Based on this p-value and study design, what conclusion significance level of-0.05.Explanation / Answer
a)
A P value is the probability of getting a sample at least as extreme as our sample, if the null hypothesis is true.
Hence, there is 0.0761 probability of getting a sample at least as extreme as our sample if the survival rates for the two treatments are just actually equal. [ANSWER]
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b)
As P = 0.0761 > 0.05, we fail to reject Ho. There is no significant evidence that the treatment that uses CC alone produces a higher survival rate.
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c)
As we didn't reject Ho, we are at risk of a TYPE II ERROR. [ANSWER]
[A type II error is incorrectly failing to reject Ho.]
Hence, if a type II error is committed, we could be missing a possible effective method of increasing the survival rate of a patient.
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