For each of the following changes choose whether the effect on the width of the

Question

For each of the following changes choose whether the effect on the width of the confidence interval would be an increase, a decrease, remain the same, or indeterminable. Assume all other variables remain constant. Recall that p is the sample proportion.

A) Increase the sample size and simultaneously increase the confidence level  ---Select---  Increase, Decrease, Remain the same, Cannot be determined

B) Decrease the sample size and simultaneously increase the confidence level  ---Select---  Increase, Decrease, Remain the same ,Cannot be determined

C) Increase the population size from 7 million to 17 million : ---Select---  Increase, Decrease, Remain the same, Cannot be determined

D) Increase the population size from 7 million to 17 million and increase p from 0.4 to 0.6 : ---Select---  Increase, Decrease, Remain the same, Cannot be determined

E) Increase the sample size and simultaneously increase p from 0.4 to 0.6: ---Select---  Increase, Decrease, Remain the same, Cannot be determined

F) Increase the confidence level and simultaneously decrease p from 0.8 to 0.5 : ---Select---  Increase, Decrease, Remain the same, Cannot be determined

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2) Each of the following settings is concerned with differences in population means. Determine whether the populations should be paired or if the populations should be treated as independent.

A) 82 subjects with essential hypertension were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. the intervention group received monthly monitoring by a research pharmacist to monitor blood pressure, assess adherence to treatment, prevent, detect, and resolve drug-related problems, and encourage nonpharmacologic measures for blood pressure control. The changes after 6 months in diastolic blood pressure (pre - post, mm HG) were measured. Researchers wish to determine if there are differences in the changes between the two groups.
---Select---  Independent,OR Paired

B) Twenty volunteer subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group A were subjected to a 10-day sensory deprivation, while subjects in group B served as controls. At the end of the experimental period, the alpha-wave frequency component of the subjects' electroencephalograms was measured. Researchers wish to know if the average alpha-wave frequency component is larger for the treatment than the control groups.
---Select---  Independent OR Paired

C) 11 subjects participated in an experiment to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of a daily dose of oral methadone in patients with chronic neuropathic pain syndromes. The experiment was conducted over 10 days so that during the first five days the patient took either 20mg of methadone or the placebo before switching for the next five days. After each five-day-period, maximum pain intensity scores were measured. The researchers wish to determine if the average maximum pain intensity is lower on days when methadone is taken.
---Select---  Independent OR Paired

Explanation / Answer

For each of the following changes choose whether the effect on the width of the confidence interval would be an increase, a decrease, remain the same, or indeterminable. Assume all other variables remain constant. Recall that p is the sample proportion.

Note that these changes increase the width of the confidence interval:

1. Decrease in sample size
2. Increase in confidence level
3. Making the p value closer to 0.5

Hence,

a) Cannot be determined
b) Increase
c) Remain the same (the population size have little to no effect on the confidence interval)
d) Remain the same (0.4 and 0.6 are both as far from 0.5)
e) Decrease
f) Increase [ANSWERS]

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