The Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA) is a psychological test that mea

Question

The Survey of Study Habits and Attitudes (SSHA) is a psychological test that measures the motivation, attitudes, and study habits of college students. Scores range from 0 to 200 and follow (approximately) a Normal distribution, with mean of 110 and standard deviation = 20. You suspect that incoming freshman have a mean , which is different from 110 because they are often excited yet anxious about entering college. To verify your suspicion, you test the hypotheses H0: = 110, Ha: 110 You give the SSHA to 50 students who are incoming freshman and find their mean score. The P-value of the test of the null hypothesis is the:

A) probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.

B) probability the null hypothesis is false.

C) probability, assuming the null hypothesis is false, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.

D) probability the null hypothesis is true.

Explanation / Answer

The P value, or calculated probability, is the probability of finding the observed, or more extreme, results when the null hypothesis (H 0) of a study question is true – the definition of 'extreme' depends on how the hypothesis is being tested.

Thus, the P-value of the test of the null hypothesis is the:

A) probability, assuming the null hypothesis is true, that the test statistic will take a value at least as extreme as that actually observed.

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