EXERCISE 3.2 For each of the following, indicate which type of hypothetical syll

Question

EXERCISE 3.2 For each of the following, indicate which type of hypothetical syllogism it is: modus ponens, modus tollens, chain argument, denying the antecedent, or affirm- ing the consequent. In some cases, the argument may need to be rephrased slightly to make the logical pattern explicit. quent. In some cases, the argument may need to be rephrased 1. If we're in London, then we're in England. We are not in England. So, we are 2. If we're in Los Angeles, then we are in the United States. We are in the 3. If we're in the United States, then we are on Earth. We are in the United 4. If we're in Paris, then we are in France. Ifwe're in France, then we are in 5. If we're in Houston, then we are in the United States. We are not in 6. If were in Shanghai, then we are in China. So, we are in China, because we 7. We are not in Mexico, because ifwe are in Mexico City, we are in Mexico, 8. Since we're in India, we are in Calcutta, since we are in India if we are in 9. If we're in Toronto, then we are in Canada. So, because if we are in Canada, not in London. United States. So, we are in Los Angeles. States. So, we are on Earth. Europe. So, if we are in Paris, then we are in Europe. Houston. So, we are not in the United States are in Shanghai. and we are not in Mexico City Calcutta. we are in North America, if we are in Toronto, then we are in North America. we are in Germany O 10. We're in Berlin, given that if we are in Berlin, then we are in Germany, and

Explanation / Answer

1) Given that this argument has true premises and a false conclusion, it is clear that affirmingthe consequent is not a logically reliable pattern of reasoning. Because modus ponens, modus tollens,and chain argument are logically reliablepatterns of reasoning, they should always be treated as deductive. Denying the antecedentand affirming the consequent are not logically reliable patterns of reasoning; nevertheless,they should generally be treated as deductive because they have a pattern of reasoning that ischaracteristically deductive.

This is affirming the consequent.

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